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Microbiology - Biol3880 > Microorganisms (Wk 1) > Flashcards

Microorganisms (Wk 1) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

study of all of the genetic material (DNA) in living cells

A

Genomics

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2
Q

Manipulation of cellular genomes

A

biotechnology

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3
Q

study of RNA patterns

A

Transcriptomics

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4
Q

study of all the proteins produced by cell(s)

A

Proteomics

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5
Q

study of metabolic expression in cells

A

metabolomics

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6
Q

Barrier that separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment

A

cell membrane

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7
Q

Present in most microbes, confers structural strength

A

cell wall

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8
Q

chemical transformation of nutrients

A

metabolism

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9
Q

generation of two cells from one

A

reproduction

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10
Q

genetic changes in cells that are transferred to offspring

A

evolution

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11
Q

what are the 3 properties of all cells?

A

1) metabolism 2) reproduction 3) evolution

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12
Q

synthesis of new substances or structures that modify the cell

A

differentiation

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13
Q

generation of, and response to, chemical signals

A

communication

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14
Q

protein catalysts of the cell that accelerate chemical reactions

A

enzymes

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15
Q

DNA produces RNA

A

transcription

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16
Q

RNA makes protein

A

translation

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17
Q

Populations of interacting assemblages of microbes in nature

A

microbial communities

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18
Q

The environment in which a microbial population lives

A

habitat

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19
Q

All living organisms plus physical and chemical constituents of their environment

A

ecosystem

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20
Q

The study of microbes in their natural environment

A

microbial ecology

21
Q

common ancestral cell from which all cells descended

A

LUCA - last universal common ancestor

22
Q

The atmosphere was ______until ~2 billion years ago

A

anoxic

23
Q

Earth is _______ years old

A

4.6 billion

24
Q

Life was exclusively ______ until ~1 billion years ago

A

microbial

25
Q

Most microbial cells are found in _______and ________ subsurfaces

A

oceanic, terrestrial

26
Q

Give examples of microbes as biofuels

A

methane, ethanol, hydrogen

27
Q

using microbes to clean up pollutants

A

bioremediation

28
Q

Early microscopist that observed fruiting molds

A

Robert Hooke

29
Q

First microscopist to observe bacteria

A

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

30
Q

Invented first vaccine (small pox)

A

Edward Jenner

31
Q

Disproved spontaneous generation

A

Louis Pasteur

32
Q

invented vaccines for rabies and anthrax

A

Louis Pasteur

33
Q

responsible for pure cultures

A

Robert Koch

34
Q

Identified infectious agents of cholera and TB

A

Robert Koch

35
Q

His hypothesis stated: material in dead bacterial cells can genetically transform living bacterial cells

A

Fred Griffith

36
Q

Field that focuses on nonmedical aspects of microbiology

A

microbial diversity

37
Q

1st to study microbial diversity and developed enrichment culture technique

A

Martinus Beijerinck

38
Q

Proposed concept of chemolithotrophy

A

Sergei Winogradsky

39
Q

Oxidation of inorganic compounds linked to energy conservation

A

chemolithotrophy

40
Q

The science of grouping and classifying microorganisms

A

microbial systematics

41
Q

Study of the nutrients that microbes require for metabolism and growth and the products that they generate

A

microbial physiology

42
Q

Study of cellular structure

A

cytology

43
Q

these subdisciplines of applied microbiology have roots in Koch’s work. ______ and _______

A

medical microbiology & immunology

44
Q

these subdisciplines of applied microbiology developed from concepts developed by Beijerinck & Winogradsky. ______ and ________

A

Agricultural & industrial microbiology

45
Q

these subdisciplines of applied microbiology developed from advances in soil microbiology

A

Aquatic & marine microbiology

46
Q

Study of microbial enzymes and chemical reactions

A

microbial biochemistry

47
Q

Study of heredity and variation in bacteria

A

Bacterial genetics

48
Q

Study of viruses

A

virology

Microbiology - Biol3880 (23 decks)

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