Ch 5 - Microbial Growth

Question 1

cell division following enlargement of a cell to twice its minimum size

Answer 1

Binary fission

Question 2

forms ring around center of cell

Answer 2

ftsZ

Question 3

major shape-determining factor in prokaryotes

Answer 3

mreB

Question 4

Forms simple cytoskeleton in Bacteria and probably Archaea

Answer 4

mreB

Question 5

Localizes synthesis of new peptidoglycan and other cell wall components to specific locations along the cylinder of a rod-shaped cell during growth

Answer 5

mreB

Question 6

in _____, cell walls grow in opposite directions outward from the FtsZ ring

Answer 6

Cocci

Question 7

in _________, growth occurs at several points along length of the cell

Answer 7

rod-shaped cells

Question 8

where two daughter cells begin to separate

Answer 8

septum

Question 9

these are the most important proteins in cell division

Answer 9

FTS Proteins (ftsZ, in particular)

Question 10

small openings in the wall are created by _______.

Answer 10

autolysins

Question 11

junction between new and old peptidoglycan

Answer 11

wall band

Question 12

next to last step in cell wall synthesis

Answer 12

Transglycosylation

Question 13

final step in cell wall synthesis

Answer 13

Transpeptidation

Question 14

Forms the carbohydrate cross-links

Answer 14

transglycosylation

Question 15

Forms the peptide cross-links between muramic acid residues in adjacent glycan chains

Answer 15

transpeptidation

Question 16

time required for microbial cells to double in number

Answer 16

generation time

Question 17

growth of a microbial population in which cell numbers double within a specific time interval

Answer 17

exponential growth

Question 18

a closed-system microbial culture of fixed volume

Answer 18

batch culture

Question 19

an open-system microbial culture of fixed volume

Answer 19

continuous culture

Question 20

most common type of continuous culture device

Answer 20

chemostat

Question 21

in ______ culture, it is impossible to independently control both growth parameters

Answer 21

batch

Question 22

uses laser beams, fluorescent dyes, and electronics to measure # of live and dead cells

Answer 22

flow cytometry

Question 23

the (higher/lower) the Opitical Density in a spectrophotometer reading, the more bacterial growth

Answer 23

higher

Question 24

the minimum, optimum, and maximum temperatures at which an organism grows

Answer 24

cardinal temperatures

Question 25

low temperature microorganisms

Answer 25

psychrophile

Question 26

midrange temperature microorganisms

Answer 26

mesophile

Question 27

high temperature microorganisms

Answer 27

thermophile

Question 28

very high temperature microorganisms

Answer 28

Hyperthermophile

Question 29

organisms that grow best at low pH (<6)

Answer 29

acidophiles

Question 30

organisms that grow best at high pH (>9)

Answer 30

alkaliphiles

Question 31

organisms that grow best at reduced water potential

Answer 31

halophiles

Question 32

organisms that require high levels (15–30%) of NaCl for growth

Answer 32

extreme halophiles

Question 33

organisms that can tolerate some reduction in water activity of environment but generally grow best in the absence of the added solute

Answer 33

halotolerant

Question 34

organisms that can tolerate some reduction in water activity of environment but generally grow best in the absence of the added solute

Answer 34

aerobes

Question 35

do not require oxygen and may even be killed by exposure

Answer 35

anaerobes

Question 36

can live with or without oxygen

Answer 36

facultative organisms

Question 37

can tolerate oxygen and grow in its presence even though they cannot use it

Answer 37

aerotolerant anaerobes

Question 38

can use oxygen only when it is present at levels reduced from that in air

Answer 38

microaerophiles

Question 39

Complex medium that separates microbes based on oxygen requirements

Answer 39

thioglycolate broth