Ch 2 - Microscopy Flashcards
Microscopy that allows for the visualization of live samples
Phase-contrast
microscopy image is dark cells on a light background
phase-contrast
improves contrast of a sample without the use of dye
phase-contrast
microscopy image appears light on a dark background
dark-field microscopy
Light reaching the lens has been scattered by specimen
dark-field microscopy
stylus measures weak repulsive forces between it and the specimen
atomic force microscopy
Uses a computerized microscope coupled with a laser source to generate a three-dimensional image
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy
Computer can focus the laser on single layers of the specimen
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy
Specimen is coated with a thin film of heavy metal
scanning electron microscope
very large specimens can be observed
scanning electron microscope
Prokaryotic/eukaryotic cells generally have a single, circular DNA molecule called a chromosome
prokaryotic
Prokaryotic/ Eukaryotic DNA is linear
eukaryotic
Typically two copies of each chromosome: prokaryotic/eukaryotic
eukaryotic
may have small amounts of extra-chromosomal DNA called plasmids : prokaryotic/eukaryotic
prokaryotic
During cell division, nucleus divides by mitosis
: prokaryotic/eukaryotic
eukaryotic
Evolutionary relationships between organisms
phylogeny
Obtain their energy from the oxidation of organic molecules
chemoorganotrophs
Obtain their energy from the oxidation of inorganic molecules
chemolithotrophs
use oxygen to obtain energy
aerobes
obtain energy in the absence of oxygen
anaerobes
Contain pigments that allow them to use light as an energy source
phototrophs
this photosynthesis produces oxygen
oxygenic
this photosynthesis does not produce oxygen
anoxygenic
Use carbon dioxide as their carbon source
autotrophs
Require one or more organic molecules for their carbon source
heterotrophs
All known pathogenic prokaryotes are
bacteria
______make up the largest phylum of Bacteria
proteobacteria
are proteobacteria gram (-) or Gram (+)?
Gram (-)
are cyanobacteria gram (-) or Gram (+)?
Gram (+)
what are the two phyla in the Archae domain?
Euryarchaeota , Crenarchaeota
degrade organic matter anaerobically, produce methane
methanogens
require high salt concentrations for metabolism and reproduction
extreme halophiles
grow in moderately high temperatures and low-pH environments
thermoacidophiles
Vast majority of cultured Crenarchaeota
hyperthermophiles
algae, fungi, protozoa, and slime molds: eukaryotic or prokaryotic
eukaryotic
do algae and fungi have cell walls?
yes
do protozoa and slime molds have cell walls?
no
microbes with mutualistic relationship between two groups of protists
lichens
