Ch 11 - Genetic Engineering

Question 1

recognize specific DNA sequences and cut DNA at those sites

Answer 1

restriction enzymes

Question 2

Protect prokaryotes from hostile foreign DNA (e.g., viral genomes)

Answer 2

restriction enzymes

Question 3

protect cell’s DNA for restriction enzymes

Answer 3

modification enzymes

Question 4

method used to separate DNA molecules based on size

Answer 4

gel electrophoresis

Question 5

base pairing of single strands of DNA or RNA from two different sources to give a hybrid double helix

Answer 5

nucleic acid hybridization

Question 6

a hybridization procedure where DNA is in the gel and probe is RNA or DNA

Answer 6

southern blot

Question 7

a hybridization procedure where RNA is in the gel and probe is RNA or DNA

Answer 7

northern blot

Question 8

isolation and incorporation of a piece of DNA into a vector so it can be replicated and manipulated

Answer 8

molecular cloning

Question 9

What are the three main steps of gene cloning?

Answer 9

1) Isolation of source DNA
2) Insertion of DNA into vector
3) Introduction of cloned DNA to host

Question 10

enzyme that joins two DNA molecules

Answer 10

DNA Ligase

Question 11

performed in vitro and introduces mutations at a precise location

Answer 11

site-directed mutagenesis

Question 12

cassettes are inserted into the middle of the gene

Answer 12

gene disruption

Question 13

Encode proteins that are easy to detect and assay

Answer 13

reporter genes

Question 14

Promoters or coding sequences of genes of interest can be swapped with those of reporter genes to elucidate gene regulation under various conditions

Answer 14

gene fusions

Question 15

Vector transfer is carried out by ______ or ________

Answer 15

chemical transformation or electroporation

Question 16

in blue/white screening, ______ colonies do not have vector with foreign DNA inserted

Answer 16

Blue colonies

Question 17

in blue/white screening _______ have foreign DNA inserted

Answer 17

white colonies

Question 18

lacZ gene is inactivated by insertion of foreign DNA

Answer 18

insertional inactivation

Question 19

allow experimenter to control the expression of cloned genes

Answer 19

expression vectors

Question 20

Effective _______ _________ are used to prevent expression of other genes on the plasmid

Answer 20

transcription terminators