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Microbiology - Biol3880 > Ch 4 - Nutrition, Culture, and Metabolism of Microorganisms > Flashcards

Ch 4 - Nutrition, Culture, and Metabolism of Microorganisms Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The sum total of all chemical reactions that occur in a cell

A

metabolism

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2
Q

Energy-releasing metabolic reactions

A

catabolic reactions

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3
Q

Energy-requiring metabolic reactions

A

anabolic reactions

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4
Q

iron under anoxic conditions, exist in which form (Fe2+/Fe3+) and (soluble/insoluble).

A

Fe2+ and soluble

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5
Q

iron under oxic conditions, exist in which form (Fe2+/Fe3+) and (soluble/insoluble).

A

Fe3+ and insoluble

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6
Q

these iron-binding agents obtain iron from insoluble mineral form

A

siderophores

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7
Q

a culture media where precise chemical composition is known

A

Defined media

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8
Q

a culture media composed of digests of chemically undefined substances

A

complex media

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9
Q

culture containing only a single kind of microbe

A

pure culture

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10
Q

unwanted organisms in a culture

A

contaminants

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11
Q

unit of measurement for energy

A

kJ

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12
Q

energy released that is available to do work

A

free energy

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13
Q

change in free energy during a reaction

A

delta G0′

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14
Q

Reactions with a negative delta G0′ release/require free energy

A

release

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15
Q

Reactions with a positive delta G0′ release/require energy

A

require

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16
Q

Reactions with a negative delta G0′ release free energy

A

exergonic

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17
Q

Reactions with a positive delta G0′ require energy

A

endergonic

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18
Q

free energy that occurs under actual conditions

A

delta G

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19
Q

delta G =

A

delta G0′ + RT ln K

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20
Q

energy required to bring all molecules in a chemical reaction into the reactive state

A

activation energy

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21
Q

substance that Lowers the activation energy of a reaction

A

catalyst

22
Q

substance that Increases reaction rate

A

catalyst

23
Q

Are enzymes generally larger or smaller than the substrate?

A

larger

24
Q

region of enzyme that binds substrate

A

ACTIVE SITE

25
Q

cleaves peptidoglycan

A

lysozyme

26
Q

non protein molecules that bind tightly to enzymes

A

prosthetic group

27
Q

non protein molecules bound loosely to enzymes

A

coenzymes

28
Q

redox reactions occur in two ____ ______.

A

half reactions

29
Q

the substance oxidized in a redox reaction

A

electron donor

30
Q

the substance reduced in a redox reaction

A

electron acceptor

31
Q

tendency to donate electrons

A

electron potential

32
Q

unit of measurement for electron potential

A

volts

33
Q

is the substance at the top of a redox tower reduced or oxidized?

A

reduced

34
Q

is the substance at the bottom of a redox tower reduced or oxidized?

A

oxidized

35
Q

the substance at the top of the tower donates/accepts electrons

A

donates

36
Q

the substance at the bottom of the tower donates/accepts electrons

A

accepts

37
Q

where is energy stored in prokaryotes?

A

glycogen

38
Q

where is energy stored in eukaryotes?

A

starch and lipids

39
Q

substrate-level phosphorylation; ATP directly synthesized from an energy-rich intermediate

A

fermentation

40
Q

oxidative phosphorylation

A

respiration

41
Q

ATP produced from proton motive force formed by transport of electrons

A

respiration

42
Q

Oxidation using O2 as the terminal electron acceptor

A

aerobic respiration

43
Q

Proteins that contain heme prosthetic groups

A

cytochromes

44
Q

during electron transfer, do protons end up on the inside or outside of the membrane?

A

outside

45
Q

pathway through which pyruvate is completely oxidized to CO2

A

citric acid cycle

46
Q

how many CO2 molecules are released in the citric acid cycle per glucose molecule

A

6

47
Q

Synthesis of glucose from phosphoenolpyruvate

A

gluconeogenesis

48
Q

Adenine and guanine - Purines or Pyrimidines?

A

purines

49
Q

Thymine, cytosine, and uracil - purines or pyrimidines?

A

pyrimidines

50
Q

what are the two major modes of enzyme regulation?

A

amount and activity

51
Q

different enzymes that catalyze the same function

A

Isoenzymes

Microbiology - Biol3880 (23 decks)

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