Lecture 19 - Ch 32 Epidemiology Flashcards
The study of the occurrence, distribution, and determinants of health and disease in a population
Epidemiology
host and pathogen survive
chronic infections
pathogen can be selective force
acute infections
disease occurs in a large number of people in a population at the same time
epidemic
disease occurs in a large number of people in a population at the same time (world-wide)
pandemic
disease is constantly present in a population, usually at low incidences
endemic
The _______ of a disease is the number of new cases of the disease in a given period of time
incidence
The ________ of a disease is the total number of new and existing cases in a population in a given time
prevalence
Diseased individuals who show no or mild symptoms have ___________
subclinical infections
Subclinical individuals are called
carriers
the incidence of death in a population
mortality
the incidence of disease including fatal and nonfatal diseases
morbidity
the organism invades and colonizes the host
infection
the time between infection and onset of symptoms
incubation period
the disease is at its height
acute period
disease symptoms are subsiding
decline period
patient regains strength and returns to normal
convalescent period
sites in which infectious agents remain viable and from which infection of individuals can occur
reservoirs
any disease that primarily infects animals, but is occasionally transmitted to humans
zoonosis
Pathogen-infected individuals showing no signs of clinical disease
carriers
the resistance of a group to infection due to immunity of a high proportion of the group
herd immunity
an infectious agent acquired at a healthcare facility
nosocomial infections
Restricts the movement of an individual with an active infection
quarantine
Diseases that suddenly become prevalent are
emergent
diseases that have become prevalent after having been under control
reemerging
the use of biological agents to kill a military or civilian population
biological warfare
