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Cardio > Microbiology Fungal Infections > Flashcards

Microbiology Fungal Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Pathogenic fungi:

A
  • > 1000,000 fungal species
  • > 1,5000 new species each year
  • > 600 species reported from infections
  • 200 on regular basis
  • One new emerging ‘pathogen’ each month!!
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2
Q

Mycosis

A

Infection caused by fungi

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3
Q

Mycotoxicosis

A

Condition resulting from ingestion of food contaminated with metabolic products of Fungi

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4
Q

Description of fungi

A

Eukaryotic cells, but distinct from plants and animals

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5
Q

Fungi Types

A

Yeasts – single oval cells

Moulds- tube like cells (hyphae) and multicelled structures

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6
Q

Fungi Produce

A

Spores (used for identification)

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7
Q

How you get a fungal infection

A
  1. Exogenous
  2. Own source
  3. Traumatic implantation
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8
Q

Fungal infection types

A

• Superficial (derma)
• Subcutaneous (infection seen)
Systemic (seen in immunosuppressed patients)

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9
Q

Superficial fungal infection: Types and targets

A

Dermatophytes: skin, hair and Nails
Candidosis: Skin, Nail and Mucous membranes
Pityriaisis versicolor: Skin

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10
Q

Dermatophytes sources

A

Anthropophilic – Man
Zoophilic (animals)
Geophilic( Soil)

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11
Q

Dermatophytes: Trichophyton causes

A

Athletes foot
Cattle Ring worm
Scalp ringworm but can have bacterial infiltrations

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12
Q

Dermatophytes: Trichophyton causes size

A

Small in comparison

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13
Q

Dermatophytes Microsporum size

A

Large spores, thick walls

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14
Q

Dermatophytes Microsporum Causes

A 
Microsporum canis (cat ringworm)
Aldwanee: only seen on prepubescent
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15
Q

Dermatophytes epidermophyton floccosum causes

A

Athletes foot

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16
Q

Dermatophyte Malassezia furfur description

A

Yeast (lipid loving)
Carried in fatty Layer (greasy areas of skin)
Can cause nasty rashes

17
Q

Superficial Candidosis

A 
Mucosal infection
Chronic mucocutaneous candidosis
Nail infection
Cutaneous infection
Seen in poorly managed diabetes/Wet hands occupation related
18
Q

Subcutaneous Infection Severe disease

A

Mycotoma – caused by funga growth which late stage erodes tissue and bone. Requires amputation.

19
Q

Deep fungal Infection: Description

A

Large numbers of potential aetiological agents, most of which are ubiquitous environmental organisms

20
Q

Deep fungal Infection: Acquired through

A

Inhalation

21
Q

Deep fungal Infection: Common in

A

It’s a Life threatening disseminating infection, common in immunocomprimised patients

22
Q

Deep fungal Infection: Examples

A

Mucoromycosis
Cryptpcococcosis
Candidosis
Aspergillosis

23
Q

Mucoromycosis

A

White fluff mould on fruit
Colonises face
Very Rapid spread – no crosswalls or septae therefore fast transfer of nutrients

24
Q

Mucoromycosis Rx

A

Fast acting anti-fungal (amphotericin)

25
Q

Cryptococcosos

A

Fungal Meningitis (large polysaccarhide coat which may help with transfer.

26
Q

Invasice candidosis

A

Most common deep fungal infection

Numerous manifestations, but few specific clinical signs

27
Q

Invasice candidosis clinical signs

A

Oesophageal infection
Endocarditis
Disseminated candidosis
Osteomyelitis

28
Q

Asperillosis

A 
Omychomycosis (superficial)
Cutaneous lesion
Otitis externa (ear)
Keratitis
Aspergilloma (invasive)
29
Q

Critical Factors for Successful treatment of Invasive fungal infection:

A
  1. Prompt recognition – few specific clinical signs difficult to diagnose
  2. Aggressive antifungal treatment
  3. Surgical resection of lesions?
  4. Reversal of immunosuppressions
30
Q

Diagnosis

A

Direct microscopy
Culture and ID
Serology – antibodies and antigens
Molecular ID

31
Q

Antifungals:

A 
Echinocandins
Polyenes (1mg/kg)
Azoles
Allylamines
Flucytosine
Griseofulvin
32
Q

4 targets of anti-fungals:

A
  1. Cell wall
  2. Ergosterol
  3. Pyrimidine
  4. Spinder cell formation

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