Endo-Repro Anatomy 2 Flashcards
Ovary: Position
Located alongside the lateral wall of the uterus in a region called the ovarian fossa → beneath the external iliac artery
Ovary: Ligaments
- Ovarian ligament → attachment to uterus
- Suspensory ligament of the ovary → ovary to body wall
- Broad ligament of the uterus → covers the ovary known as mesovarium
Ovary: Blood supply
Venous drainage
Ovarian artery (abdominal artery) and uterine artery (internal iliac artery). Ovarian vein
Ovary: Lymph drainage
Paraaortic lymph node
Ovary: Functions
Hormone secretion → secrete estrogen, testosterone and progesterone
OOgenesis
Ovary: What does the follicle become after ovulation
Corpus Luteum
Oviducts Length
10 cm length
Oviducts Position
Lateral to uterus
Oviducts Parts
Infundibulum (near ovary)
Ampulla (major part of lateral tube)
Isthmus (transverses the uterine musculature
Oviducts Wall structure and lining epithelium
Serosa
Subserosa
Lamina propria
Innermost mucosal layer → Simple columnar epithelium
Oviducts Blood supply
Tubal branches of ovarian artery
Tubal branches of uterine artery
Oviducts Lymph drainage
Iliac and lateral aortic lymph nodes
Oviducts Function
Fertilisation
Uterus: Position
Inside the pelvis immediately dorsal (and usually somewhat rostral) to the urinary bladder and ventral to the rectum.
Uterus: Shape
Pear-shaped
Uterus: Parts
Cervix (neck of uterus)
Body of the uterus and fundus
Uterus: Wall structure
- Endometrium
- Myometrium
- Perimetrium
Uterus: Ligaments
Broad ligament
Round ligament
Uterus:Principal structure
Body of the uterus?
Uterus:Blood supply
Ovarian and uterine arteries
Uterus:Venous drainage to corresponding veins
Uterine veins
Uterus:Lymph drainage
Body and cervix → internal iliac lymph nodes
Fundus → para-aortic lymph nodes, lumbar and inguinal
Uterus: Function
Pregnancy
Hormone production
Uterus: Support structures of the uterus
Condensations of endoplevic fascia
Uterus:What can happen if the support structures of the uterus are damaged e.g. during childbirth?
Prolapse uterus
Vagina → Structure
Fibromuscular elastic tubular tract.
Vagina → Epithelium
Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
Vagina →Principal support
Fornices • Anterior • Posterior • Right lateral • Left lateral Lower 1/3 → levator ani muscles.
Vagina → Blood supply
Superior part to uterine artery
Middle and inferior parts to vaginal artery (internal iliac artery)
Vagina Venous drainage
Uterovaginal venous plexus, vaginal vein
Vagina → Lymph drainage
Upper part to → internal iliac lymph nodes
Lower part → Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Vagina →Function
Reproduction facilitation
Vagina →What are the vesicouterine and rectouterine spaces
Vesicouterine space →peritoneum over the uterus and bladder
Rectouterine space → pouch of doughlas
Male Reproductive Organs:
Testis
Coverings:
Capsule
Capsule
Tunica vaginalis
Male Reproductive Organs:
Testis
Tunica vaginalis (remnant processus vaginalis)
Has visceral lamina and parietal lamina
Male Reproductive Organs:
Testis
Fascia:
Internal spermatic
Cremasteric
External spermatic
Male Reproductive Organs:
Testis
Innervation of cremasteric muscle
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Testes: Contain
Epididymus
Arteries
Veins
Sperm
Testes: Blood supply
Testicular artery
Testes:Venous drainage
Testicular vein and pampiniform plexus
Testes:Nerve supply
Spermatic plexus derived from the renal plexus receving branches form the aortic plexus
Testes:Functions
Spermiogenesis
Testes:Lymph
Para-aortic
Epididymis: Position
Posterolateral surface of testis
Epididymis: Parts
Head →receives spermatozoa via the efferent ducts
The Body
The Tail → absorbing fluid to make the sperm more concentrated
Epididymis: Functions
Storage of sperm
Ductus Deferens: Structure
Muscular tube (smooth muscle). Epithelium is lined by stereocilia
Ductus Deferens: Origin
Epididymis
Ductus Deferens: How does this enter the abdomen
Deep ring to superficial inguinal ring then into abdomen
Ductus Deferens: This joins with the ducts of which glands to form the ejaculatory ducts
Seminal vesicles
Spermatic cord: Contents
Arteries → testicular artery, deferential artery, cremasteric artery.
Nerves → Genital branch of genitofermal and testicular nerves
Vas deferens
Pampiniform plexus
Lymph
Tunica vaginalis
Spermatic cord: Coverings
External spermatic fascia → overlies aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle
Cremasteric muscle and fascia → continuation of the internal oblique muscle and its fascia
Internal spermatic fascia → continuous with transversalis fascia
Prostate Gland: Structure
Larger than a walnut
Prostate Gland: Anatomical relations
Surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder
Prostate Gland: Blood supply
Internal pudendal artery
Inferior vesical artery
Middle rectal artery
Prostate Gland: Venous drainage
Prostatic venous plexis
Pudendal plexus
Internal iliac vein
Vesicle plexus
Prostate Gland:Lymph drainage
External iliac nodes
Internal iliac lymph
Sacra lymph nodes
Prostate Gland:Function
is to secrete a slightly alkaline fluid, milky or white in appearance, that usually constitutes 50–75% of the volume of the semen along with spermatozoa and seminal vesicle fluid.
Seminal vesicles: Structure
Series of glands that drain into a central duct,
Seminal vesicles:Function
Secrete fluid that becomes semen
Seminal vesicles:Ducts of seminal vesicles join which other ducts to form the ejaculatory ducts
Vas deferens
Seminal vesicles:Sympathetic contractions leads to
Mixing of sperm and fluid
Bulbourethral glands: Structure
compound tubulo-alveolar glands, each approximately the size of a pea in humans.
Bulbourethral glands: Function
During sexual arousal each gland produces a clear, salty, viscous secretion known as pre-ejaculate. This fluid helps to lubricate the urethra for spermatozoa to pass through, neutralizing traces of acidic urine in the urethra,[4] and helps flush out any residual urine or foreign matter.
Bulbourethral glands: Where are they found
Posterior and lateral to the membranous portion of the urethra at the base of the penis, between the two layers of the fascia of the urogenital diaphragm, in the deep perineal pouch.
