Endo-Repro Anatomy 1

Question 1

Inferior hypogastric 

Answer 1

 provides autonomic nerves to pelvic viscera, and contains sympathetic fibres, and parasympathetic fibres from pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2, 3, 4).

Question 2

Internal Iliac artery: (ADD DIAGRAM)

Branches:

Answer 2

1. Obturator artery
2. Superior vesical and obliterated umbilical artery
3. Uterine artery in female (lying under ureter, close to cervix) – replaced by middle rectal artery in male
4. Vaginal artery (female) or inferior vesical artery (male)
5. Superior and inferior gluteal arteries (pass ino the buttock)
6. Internal pudendal artery (winding around the ischial spine)

Question 3

Muscles of Pelvic sidewall and the pelvic floor 

Answer 3

Obturator internus
Piriformis
Levator ani
Coccygeus

Question 4

Obturator internus
Action
Innervation

Answer 4

Abducts & externally rotates thigh, and stabilizer of the hip during walking
Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2)

Question 5

Piriformis
Action
Innervation

Answer 5

External rotator of the thigh L5, S1 and S2

Question 6

Levator ani
Action
Innervation

Answer 6

Supports contents of pelvic cavity Levator ani nerve (S4)

Inferior rectal nerve from pudendal (S3,4)

Question 7

Coccygeus
Action
Innervation

Answer 7

pulls coccyx forward after defecation, closing in the back part of the outlet of the pelvis
S4, S5`

Question 8

Perineum:

Boundaries of the perineum and its divisions:

Answer 8

• Urogenital triangle
• Anal triangle
• Ischioanal/ischiorectal fossa

Question 9

Urogenital triangle Boundaries

Answer 9

Pubic symphisis
Tip fc coccyx
Ischeal tuberoscity

Question 10

Urogenital triangle Contents

Answer 10

•	Posterior scrotal nerves / Posterior labial nerves
•	Urethra
•	Vagina
•	Bulbourethral gland / Bartholin's gland
•	Muscles
o	Transversus perinei superficialis muscle
o	Ischiocavernosus muscle
o	Bulbospongiosus muscle
•	Crus penis / Clitoral crura
•	Bulb of penis / vestibular bulb
•	Urogenital diaphragm
•	Muscular perineal body
•	Superficial and Deep perineal pouch
•	Blood vessels and lymphatic

Question 11

Urogenital triangle What is the perineal membrane

Answer 11

It is the superior border of the superficial perineal pouch, and the inferior border of the deep perineal pouch.

Its lateral margins are attached on either side to the inferior rami of the pubis and ischium, above the crus penis.
Its base is directed toward the rectum, and connected to the central tendinous point of the perineum.The base is fused with both the pelvic fascia and Colle’s fascia

Question 12

What is the perineal body

Answer 12

is a pyramidal fibromuscular mass in the middle line of the perineum at the junction between the urogenital triangle and the anal triangle. It is found in both males and females. In males, it is found between the bulb of penis and the anus; in females, is found between the vagina and anus, and about 1.25 cm in front of the latter

Question 13

Anal triangle: Boundaries

Answer 13

Obturator internus laterally

Tip of coccyx, ischeal tuberoscity and levator ani medially

Question 14

Anal triangle:

Contents

Answer 14

Anus
External anal sphincter muscle
Ischeo-anal fossa (fat filled)
Levator ani
Obturator

Question 15

Anal triangle: Which nerve controls the external anal sphincter

Answer 15

Pudendal nerve

Question 16

Ischioanal/Ischiorectal fossa:

Which two muscles does this space lie between?

Answer 16

Obturator internus

Levator ani

Question 17

Ischioanal/Ischiorectal fossa:

Which blood vessels and nerves run through this space

Answer 17

Internal pudendal artery/vein

Pudendal nerve

Question 18

Deep and superficial perineal pouches: Which glands are located in these pouches in the male and female?

Answer 18

Deep Bulbourethral gland (males).

Superficial  Bartholin gland (female)

Question 19

Deep and superficial perineal pouches: Transverse perineal muscles

Answer 19

Superficial and deep perineal muscle

Question 20

Pudendal Nerve: What are its root values

Answer 20

Sacral nerves S2, S3, S4

Question 21

Pudendal Nerve: What does it supply

Answer 21

 It carries sensation from the external genitalia of both sexes and the skin around the anus and perineum.
 Motor supply to various pelvic muscles, including the external urethral sphincter and the external anal sphincter.

Question 22

Pudendal Nerve: How does it exit the pelvis/enter the perineum

Answer 22

The pudendal nerve passes between the piriformis muscle and ischiococcygeus muscles and leaves the pelvis through the lower part of the greater sciatic foramen.[2] It crosses over the lateral part of the sacrospinous ligament and reenters the pelvis through the lesser sciatic foramen

Question 23

Pudendal Nerve: Function

Answer 23

It carries sensation from the external genitalia of both sexes and the skin around the anus and perineum, as well the motor supply to various pelvic muscles, including the external urethral sphincter and the external anal sphincter.

Question 24

1. Parietal pelvic fascia 

Answer 24

over obturator internus and piriformis

Question 25

2. Endo-pelvic fascia (between levator ani and peritoneum)

Answer 25

a. Condenses to form ligaments which provide support for pelvic viscera

Question 26

Peritoneal membrane  attachment for

Answer 26

roots of genitalia

Question 27

Clitoris: Blood supply 

Answer 27

1. The deep artery of clitoris and dorsal artery of clitoris is a branch of the internal pudendal artery.

Question 28

Clitoris: Venous drainage

Answer 28

 The superficial dorsal veins of clitoris is a tributary of the external pudendal vein.
 The deep dorsal vein of clitoris is a vein which drains to the vesical plexus.

Question 29

Clitoris:Innervation

Answer 29

The dorsal nerve of the clitoris is a nerve in females that branches off the pudendal nerve to innervate the clitoris.

Question 30

Penis root

Answer 30

Fixed, attached to the perineal membrane

Question 31

Glans penis covered by

Answer 31

Prepuce

Question 32

Crura attachment

Answer 32

begins at the inferior ramus of the pubic bone

Question 33

Blood supply

Answer 33

all of the penile arteries arise from the internal pudendal artery from the internal iliac artery

Question 34

Penis: Venous drainage

Answer 34

the veins of the penis break through the tunica albuginea and open via the circumflex veins in the unpaired deep dorsal vein, which empties into the venous plexus of Santorini. The superficial dorsal vein lies external to Buck’s fascia.

Question 35

Penis:Lymph drainage

Answer 35

superficial inguinal and subinguinal lymph nodes. The proximal urethra drains into the pelvic lymph nodes (internal iliac and common iliac lymph nodes).

Question 36

Skin of scrotum

Answer 36

Skin of the scrotum is pigmented and rugose and has a median raphe

Question 37

Subcutaneous tissues of scrotum

Answer 37

Continuous with Camper’s fascia of abdominal wall

Question 38

Dartos muscle function

Answer 38

Smooth muscle fibers interspersed within the dartos fascia (superficial fascia of scrotum), causing contraction of the scrotum, as when experiencing a cool environmental temperature.

Question 39

Lymph drainage of scrotum

Answer 39

Lumbar Lymph nodes