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Cardio > Endo-Repro L17 Female 1 > Flashcards

Endo-Repro L17 Female 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cortex comprises of

A

Follicles in stroma

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2
Q

Follicles consist of

A

Primary oocyte (egg) plus surrounding granulosa cells

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3
Q

Development of egg

A

Oogenesis

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4
Q

Stages of Folliculogenesis:

A
  1. Primordial
  2. Primary (or antral)
  3. Secondary (or antral)
  4. Tertiary (or pre-ovulatory)
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5
Q

Primordial

diameter
features
Additional

A

0.1 mm
Primary oocyte (arrested meiosis) surrounded by single layer of flattened granulosa cells
Transition is a spontaneous event

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6
Q

Primary (Pre-antral)

diameter
features
Additional

A

0.5-4 mm Increase in size of oocyte. Proliferation of granulosa cells. Formation of zona pellucida

Requires FSH and LH to convert to next stage

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7
Q

Secondary (antral)
diameter
features
Additional

A

5-20 mm
Formation of antrum and cumuls oophorus
Only after puberty

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8
Q

Tertiary (pre-ovulatory)

Additional

A

20-25mm
Primary oocyte resumes meiosis – increase in volume of follicular cluid.
Formation of stigma
Occurred after LH surge

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9
Q

Primordial follicles: Stage

A

Most primitive

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10
Q

Primordial follicles:Consists of

A

A primary oocyte surround by flattened granulosa cells.

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11
Q

Primordial follicles:Oocytes are formed by

A

Mitotic divisions of primordial germ cells and oogonia, granulosa cells derive from stroma

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12
Q

Primordial follicles:Meiosis

A

Primary oocytes begin meiosis but immediately stop in prophase 1

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13
Q

Primordial follicles:Location

A

Form a pool around the edge of the cortex.

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14
Q

Follicular atresia

A
  • Much occurs before birth and continues through childhood so by puberty there are about 0.5 million follicles remaining.
  • Not altered by pregnancy or the pill
  • Accelerated by genetic disorders and chemotherapy
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15
Q

Primary (pre-antral) follicles: Formation is independent of

A

LH and FSH

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16
Q

Primary (pre-antral) follicles: Involves

A
  1. Enlargement of oocyte (still in arrested meiosis)
  2. Proliferation of granulosa cells
  3. Formation of zona pellucida
  4. Formation of theca interna
17
Q

Secondary (antral) follicles Present in

A

Antrum

18
Q

Secondary (antral) follicles Formation needs

A

LH and FSH

19
Q

Secondary (antral) follicles Trigger

A

Slight rise of FSH causes approx. 12 to form at start of each m. cycle

20
Q

Secondary (antral) follicles Formation involves

A
  1. Further proliferation of granulosa cells
  2. Formation of antrum
  3. Activation of theca interna
21
Q

Secondary (antral) folliclesProduces

A

Oestradiol

22
Q

Secondary (antral) follicles Majority undergo

A

Atresia

23
Q

Theca cell: Stimulation

A

LH

24
Q

Theca cell: LH effect causes

A

Cholesterol via cAMP to be converted into androstenedione testosterone

25
Q

Theca cell: Output

A

Androgenic effect if not aromatized in granulosa cell

26
Q

Granulosa cell: Stimulation

A

FSH

27
Q

Granulosa cell: FSH action on the cell

A

Testosterone converted to estradiol via aromatase

28
Q

Steroid hormones: Derived from

A

C27 sterol called cholesterol

29
Q

Steroid hormones: 3 groups and their functions

A
  1. C21 progestogens (e.g. progesterone) → bind progesterone receptors
  2. C19 Androgens (testosterone) → bind androgen receptor
  3. C18 Oestrogens (e.g. oestradiol) → bind oestrogen receptor alpha and beta
30
Q

Follicular selection:

Occurs at

A

day 9

31
Q

Tertiary (pre-ovulatory, Graaffian) follicles → Amount per cycle

A

Only one

32
Q

Tertiary (pre-ovulatory, Graaffian) follicles →Formation requires

A

LH surge (LH now targets granulosa cells → due to estrogen

33
Q

Tertiary (pre-ovulatory, Graaffian) follicles → Involves

A
  1. Brief further proliferation of granulosa cells
  2. Luteinisation of granulosa cells
  3. Swelling of follicle
  4. Formation of stigma (site of rupture)
  5. Resumption of meiosis
34
Q

Tertiary (pre-ovulatory, Graaffian) follicles →Rupture

A

About 24hr after onset of LH surge

35
Q

Tertiary (pre-ovulatory, Graaffian) follicles →Empty follicle forms

A

Corpus luteum

36
Q

Tertiary (pre-ovulatory, Graaffian) follicles → Poor LH surge may result in

A

Luteinisation without ovulation, or an “inadequate” corpus luteum

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