Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardio > Cardio Anatomy 1 and Cardio 2 Anatomy > Flashcards

Cardio Anatomy 1 and Cardio 2 Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Thorax, Mediastinum of the bony Thorax → Superiorly

A

The Thoracic inlet (T1 vertebrae, first ribs, manubrium sterni)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Thorax, Mediastinum of the bony Thorax → Laterally

A

The ribs and intercostals muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Thorax, Mediastinum of the bony Thorax → Anteriorly

A

The costal cartilages, manubrium and sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Thorax, Mediastinum of the bony Thorax → Posteriorly

A

The ribs and thoracic vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Thorax, Mediastinum of the bony Thorax → Inferiorly

A

Thoracic outlet (T12, the costal margin formed by the lower 6 ribs, and the xiphoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mediastinum → Definition

A

Central compartment of thoracic cavity. Area bounded by the pleural cavities laterally, the thoracic inlet superiorly and by the diaphragm inferiorly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mediastinum → Divisions

A

Superior mediastinum → Top: superior thoracic aperture and inferior angle of Louis
Inferior Mediastinum → Thymus, heart, phrenic nerves, oesophagus and thoracic duct, descending aorta, sympathetic trunks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mediastinum →Superior Contents

A
  • Muscles
  • Aortic arch
  • Brachiocephailc artery
  • Thoracic portions of left common carotid and left subclavian
  • Brachiocephalic veins
  • SVC
  • Left highest intercostal vein
  • Vagus
  • Cardiac nerve
  • Superficial and deep cardiac plexuses
  • Phrenic nerve
  • Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • Trachea
  • Oesophagus
  • Thoracic duct
  • Thymus
  • Lymph glands
  • Anterior longitudinal ligament
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mediastinum → Middle Contents

A
  • Heart
  • Ascending aorta
  • Lower half of SVC with azygous vein
  • Bifurcation of trachea and two bronchi
  • Pulmonary artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mediastinum → Anterior Contents

A
  • Loose areolar tissue
  • Lymphatic vessels
  • Anterior mediastinal lymph nodes
  • Mediastinal branches of the internal thoracic artery
  • Thymus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mediastinum → Posterior Contents

A 
•	Thoracic descending aorta
•	Azygous vein
•	Hemiazygous vein
•	Vagus nerve
•	Splanchnic
Sympathetic chains
Oesophagus
Thoracic duct
Lymph glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Plane of Louis →

A

Disc of T4-T5 to sternal angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fibrous Pericardium
Anchored to
Below

A

Anchored to

→ Central tendon of the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Serous Pericardium

A

Parietal adherent to → Fibrous pericardium

Visceral adherent to → Part of epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Space between two layers contains of pericardium

A

Serous Fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Reflections of pericardium

A
  1. Transverse sinus of the heart between aorta and pulmonary veins.
  2. Oblique sinus of the pericardium behind the left atrium
17
Q

Function of Pericardium

A
  • Fixes heart in mediastinum and limits its motion
  • Protection from infections coming from other organs (such as lungs)
  • Prevents excessive dilation of heart in cases of acute volume overload
  • Lubrication
18
Q

Nerve supply to fibrous pericardium

A

Phrenic Nerve

19
Q

Nerve supply to Parietal serous

A

Phrenic Nerve

20
Q

Nerve supply to visceral serous

A

Branches of Sympathetic trunks and vagus nerves

21
Q

Pericarditis →

A

May be caused by infection, systemic disease or myocardial infarction.

22
Q

referral of pericarditis

A

Pain from pericardium (e.g. pericarditis) may be referred to shoulder tip (C4).

23
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

Excess fluid in pericardial space (effusion) can compress heart = cardiac tamponade.

24
Q

Right Coronary arteries and its main branches:

A

Posterior descending artery

Right marginal artery

25
Q

Left Coronary arteries: main branches

A

Left anterior descending artery

Left circumflex artery

26
Q

Main tributaries of coronary sinus

A
  • Small, middle, great and oblique cardiac veins.
  • left marginal vein
  • Left posterior ventricular vein. It drains into the right atrium.
27
Q

Coronary Heart disease →

A
  1. Blockage of the coronary circulation can have multiple effects including damage to the myocardium, papillary muscle damage leading to valve incompetence.
28
Q
  1. Dysrhythmias →
A

affect the conducting system of the heart.

29
Q

Right Ventricle: Walls

A 
Thicker. Muscular projections called trabecular carneae.
Made of:
1.	Papillary muscles
2.	Moderator band
3.	Prominent ridges
30
Q

Right Ventricle: The Interventricular septum between the ventricles have two parts

A

Muscular ventricular septum

Membranous ventricular septum → upper and posterior

31
Q

Right Ventricle: Septomarginal trabecular or moderator band function

A

Crosses the ventricular cavity from the septal to the anterior wall. Conveys the right branch of the atrioventricular bundle

32
Q

Right Ventricle: Blood enters via (valve)

A

Tricuspid valve

33
Q

ventricle Blood exits via :

  1. Tract
  2. Valve
A

Pulmonary artery

Pulmonary Valve

34
Q

Identify the remnant of the umbilical artery in the pelvis

A

Superior vesicular arteries

35
Q

Identify the remnant of the ductus arteriosus

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

36
Q

Foramen ovale after birth

A

Fossa ovalis

37
Q

What physical sign might be present if this structure remains open - foramen ovale

A

stroke?

38
Q

Heart Valves

A
  1. Valve disease may involve stenosis (narrowing) or incompetence (allowing regurgitation) of valves
  2. Causes of valve disease include anomalies and infections (e.g. rheumatic fever)
  3. Vales affected by → stenosis
39
Q

Embryology

A
  1. Septal defects occur due to anomalies in the embryological septation of the heart.
  2. Septal defects may involve the interatrial or interventricular septa – or both
  3. Atrial and ventricular septal defects both allow blood to flow form the higher pressure left side to the lower pressure right side – resulting in right ventricle hypertrophy and pulmonary hypertension

Cardio (108 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions