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Repodction > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment for bacterial vaginosis

A

Metronidazole orally

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2
Q

Treatment for acute bacterial prostatitis (and treatment if you think there is a high C diff risk)

A

Ciprofloxacin for 28 days

Give trimethoprim if 28 days c. diff risk

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3
Q

Treatment for chlamydia?

A

Azithromycin

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4
Q

Treatment for gonorrhoea?

A 
IM ceftrixone and
oral azithromycin (co-treatment)
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5
Q

Treatment for syphilis

A

Penicillin (inject)

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6
Q

Treatment for genital warts

A

Cryotherapy

Podophyllotoxin

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7
Q

Treatment for genital herpes?

A

Not really any …

Aciclovir may be helpful if taken early enough

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8
Q

Diagnosis of candida

A

Clinical diagnosis

HVS

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9
Q

Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis

A

Clinical diagnosis
High pH
Clue cells (HVS & microscopy)

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10
Q

Diagnosis of acute bacterial prostatitis

A

MSSU for C&S

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11
Q

Diagnosis of chlamydia/gonorrhoea

A

Combined NAATS/PCR
(first pass urine - male
hvs - female, or endocerival if having pelvic smear etc)

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12
Q

Screening test for syphilis?

A

Combined IgM and IgG ELISA

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13
Q

If combined IgM and IgG is positive, what further tests would you do?

A

IgM elisa
VDRL test
TPPA test

(VDRL test shows if you antibodies to current/past syphilis infection)
(TPPA also tests for antibodies - think they inject gelatin particles with treponema germs or something)

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14
Q

What samples do you need to take for chlamydia testing?

A

Males: first pass urine
Females: vulvovaginal swab
NAAT: nucleic acid amplification testing

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15
Q

Treatment for chlamydia

A 
Azithromycin 1g (single dose)
Or doxycycline 100mg BD for 1 week
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16
Q

Gram negative intracellular diplococcus

A

Gonorrhoea

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17
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

Syphilis

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18
Q

Which bacteria predominate in the “healthy” vagina and what does it produce

A

Lactobacillus

-produces lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide

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19
Q

High levels of which hormone increases chance of thrush?

A

High oestrogen levels e.g. pregnancy, certain type of contraceptives

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20
Q

Intensely itchy white vaginal discharge

A

Thrush

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21
Q

Diagnosis of thrush

A

Clinical

high vaginal swab can be done for culture

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22
Q

Treatment of candida (thrush) infection

A

Topical clotimazole pessary or cream (available OTC)

Oral fluconazole

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23
Q

Budding yeasts and hyphae

A

Candida (thrush)

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24
Q

Typical “spotty” rash on the end of the penis

A

Thrush

25
Q

Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis

A
  • Clinical diagnosis
  • Raised vaginal pH (more than 4.5)
  • clue cells
26
Q

Bacterial vaginosis diagnosis is made clinically but what lab test could you do?

A

High vaginal swab for clue cells

but this test is highly subjective and inaccurate

27
Q

Symptoms of acute bacterial prostatitis?

A

Symptoms of UTI but may have lower abdominal pain/perineal/penile pain and tender prostate on examination

28
Q

How do you diagnose acute bacterial prostatitis?

A

Clinical signs and MSSU for C&S

29
Q

Non-sexually transmitted genital tract infections

A
  • thrush
  • bacterial vaginosis
  • prostatitis

(trichomonas vaginalis IS sexually transmitted!!)

30
Q

Obligate INTRAcellular parasite (cannot reproduce outside host cell)

A

Chlamydia

syphilis also doesn’t stain

31
Q

Which bacterial STI does NOT stain with gram stain?

A

Chlamydia bc no peptidoglycan in the cell wall

32
Q

Chlamydia

Serovars A-C

A

Trachoma (eye infection) (not an sti)

33
Q

Chlamydia

Serovars D-K

A

Genital infection

34
Q

Chlamydia

Serovars L1-L3

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum

35
Q

Gram negative dipoloccus

A

Gonorrhoea

36
Q

This organism is easily phagocytosed by polymorphs so often appears intracellulary on a Gram film

A

Gonorrhoea

37
Q

Sample from male needed for NAATS and PCR (chlamydia)

A

Males - first pass uring
Female - HVS or VVS (only endocervical if having sepculum examination)

you can also take rectal and throat swabs and eye swabs

If you chose to do a culture - you could only do on endocervical, rectal and throat swabs (NOT vaginal swabs)

38
Q

Why is the recommended treatment for gonorrhea IM ceftriaxone and oral azithromycin?

A

Many strains of gonorrhea are now resistant

39
Q

How long do you have to wait to do test of cure for gonorrhea and why?

A

Have to wait 5 weeks because PCR/NAATS will still pick up dead organisms
-test of cure recommended for all patients

40
Q

Name an STI you should do a test of cure for

A

Gonorrhoea

41
Q

Why do you have to do blood test for syphilis?

A

Because it doesn’t stain with gram stain and you also can’t culture it

42
Q

What is the 1y stage of syphilis?

A

Chancre (this will heal without treatment)

43
Q

What is the 2y stage of syphilis?

A

When large numbers of the bacteria are in the blood and this can cause lots of symptoms:
e.g. “snail-track” mouth ulcers
Generalised rash
Flu-like symptoms

44
Q

That is the latent stage of syphilis

A

When the patient has no symptoms but there is low level of multiplication in the intima of the small blood vessels

45
Q

What is late stage syphilis?

A

When you get cardio/neurovascular complications may years later

46
Q

What are non-specific syphilis tests useful for?

A

-VDRL, RDR
Good to see how active the disease is and to monitor the response to treatment
-may be falsely positive in SLE, malaria, pregnancy

47
Q

What do the specific tests for syphilis confirm?

A

-TPPA, TPHA
Specific tests can confirm diagnosis, however antibody levels decrease very slowly even after treatment and often remain positive for life

48
Q

Screening test for syphilis

A

IgM and IgG ELISA

49
Q

Treatment for syphillis

A

Penicillin injection

50
Q

Commonest bacterial STI

A

Chlamydia

51
Q

Commonest viral sti

A

Genital warts

52
Q

HPV associated with genital warts

A

6&11

53
Q

HPV associated with risk of cervical cancer

A

16&18

54
Q

Diagnosis and treatment for genital warts

A

Diagnosis - clinical

Treatment - cryotherapy, podophyllotoin cream/lotion

55
Q

Enveloped virus containing double stranded DNA

A

Herpes simplex virus

56
Q

Diagnosis and treatment of genital herpes

A

Take a swab of the deroofed blister for PCR test (this is highly sensitive and specific)

Acilovir may be helpful if taken early enough

57
Q

Single celled protozoal parasite

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

58
Q

Diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis

A

High VAGINAL swab for microscopy

59
Q

Treatment for pubic lice

A

Malathion lotion

Repodction (52 decks)

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