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Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment for bacterial vaginosis

A

Metronidazole orally

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2
Q

Treatment for acute bacterial prostatitis (and treatment if you think there is a high C diff risk)

A

Ciprofloxacin for 28 days

Give trimethoprim if 28 days c. diff risk

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3
Q

Treatment for chlamydia?

A

Azithromycin

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4
Q

Treatment for gonorrhoea?

A 
IM ceftrixone and
oral azithromycin (co-treatment)
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5
Q

Treatment for syphilis

A

Penicillin (inject)

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6
Q

Treatment for genital warts

A

Cryotherapy

Podophyllotoxin

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7
Q

Treatment for genital herpes?

A

Not really any …

Aciclovir may be helpful if taken early enough

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8
Q

Diagnosis of candida

A

Clinical diagnosis

HVS

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9
Q

Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis

A

Clinical diagnosis
High pH
Clue cells (HVS & microscopy)

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10
Q

Diagnosis of acute bacterial prostatitis

A

MSSU for C&S

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11
Q

Diagnosis of chlamydia/gonorrhoea

A

Combined NAATS/PCR
(first pass urine - male
hvs - female, or endocerival if having pelvic smear etc)

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12
Q

Screening test for syphilis?

A

Combined IgM and IgG ELISA

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13
Q

If combined IgM and IgG is positive, what further tests would you do?

A

IgM elisa
VDRL test
TPPA test

(VDRL test shows if you antibodies to current/past syphilis infection)
(TPPA also tests for antibodies - think they inject gelatin particles with treponema germs or something)

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14
Q

What samples do you need to take for chlamydia testing?

A

Males: first pass urine
Females: vulvovaginal swab
NAAT: nucleic acid amplification testing

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15
Q

Treatment for chlamydia

A 
Azithromycin 1g (single dose)
Or doxycycline 100mg BD for 1 week
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16
Q

Gram negative intracellular diplococcus

A

Gonorrhoea

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17
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

Syphilis

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18
Q

Which bacteria predominate in the “healthy” vagina and what does it produce

A

Lactobacillus

-produces lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide

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19
Q

High levels of which hormone increases chance of thrush?

A

High oestrogen levels e.g. pregnancy, certain type of contraceptives

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20
Q

Intensely itchy white vaginal discharge

A

Thrush

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21
Q

Diagnosis of thrush

A

Clinical

high vaginal swab can be done for culture

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22
Q

Treatment of candida (thrush) infection

A

Topical clotimazole pessary or cream (available OTC)

Oral fluconazole

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23
Q

Budding yeasts and hyphae

A

Candida (thrush)

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24
Q

Typical “spotty” rash on the end of the penis

25
Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis
- Clinical diagnosis - Raised vaginal pH (more than 4.5) - clue cells
26
Bacterial vaginosis diagnosis is made clinically but what lab test could you do?
High vaginal swab for clue cells | but this test is highly subjective and inaccurate
27
Symptoms of acute bacterial prostatitis?
Symptoms of UTI but may have lower abdominal pain/perineal/penile pain and tender prostate on examination
28
How do you diagnose acute bacterial prostatitis?
Clinical signs and MSSU for C&S
29
Non-sexually transmitted genital tract infections
- thrush - bacterial vaginosis - prostatitis (trichomonas vaginalis IS sexually transmitted!!)
30
Obligate INTRAcellular parasite (cannot reproduce outside host cell)
Chlamydia | syphilis also doesn't stain
31
Which bacterial STI does NOT stain with gram stain?
Chlamydia bc no peptidoglycan in the cell wall
32
Chlamydia | Serovars A-C
Trachoma (eye infection) (not an sti)
33
Chlamydia | Serovars D-K
Genital infection
34
Chlamydia | Serovars L1-L3
Lymphogranuloma venereum
35
Gram negative dipoloccus
Gonorrhoea
36
This organism is easily phagocytosed by polymorphs so often appears intracellulary on a Gram film
Gonorrhoea
37
Sample from male needed for NAATS and PCR (chlamydia)
Males - first pass uring Female - HVS or VVS (only endocervical if having sepculum examination) you can also take rectal and throat swabs and eye swabs If you chose to do a culture - you could only do on endocervical, rectal and throat swabs (NOT vaginal swabs)
38
Why is the recommended treatment for gonorrhea IM ceftriaxone and oral azithromycin?
Many strains of gonorrhea are now resistant
39
How long do you have to wait to do test of cure for gonorrhea and why?
Have to wait 5 weeks because PCR/NAATS will still pick up dead organisms -test of cure recommended for all patients
40
Name an STI you should do a test of cure for
Gonorrhoea
41
Why do you have to do blood test for syphilis?
Because it doesn't stain with gram stain and you also can't culture it
42
What is the 1y stage of syphilis?
Chancre (this will heal without treatment)
43
What is the 2y stage of syphilis?
When large numbers of the bacteria are in the blood and this can cause lots of symptoms: e.g. "snail-track" mouth ulcers Generalised rash Flu-like symptoms
44
That is the latent stage of syphilis
When the patient has no symptoms but there is low level of multiplication in the intima of the small blood vessels
45
What is late stage syphilis?
When you get cardio/neurovascular complications may years later
46
What are non-specific syphilis tests useful for?
-VDRL, RDR Good to see how active the disease is and to monitor the response to treatment -may be falsely positive in SLE, malaria, pregnancy
47
What do the specific tests for syphilis confirm?
-TPPA, TPHA Specific tests can confirm diagnosis, however antibody levels decrease very slowly even after treatment and often remain positive for life
48
Screening test for syphilis
IgM and IgG ELISA
49
Treatment for syphillis
Penicillin injection
50
Commonest bacterial STI
Chlamydia
51
Commonest viral sti
Genital warts
52
HPV associated with genital warts
6&11
53
HPV associated with risk of cervical cancer
16&18
54
Diagnosis and treatment for genital warts
Diagnosis - clinical | Treatment - cryotherapy, podophyllotoin cream/lotion
55
Enveloped virus containing double stranded DNA
Herpes simplex virus
56
Diagnosis and treatment of genital herpes
Take a swab of the deroofed blister for PCR test (this is highly sensitive and specific) Acilovir may be helpful if taken early enough
57
Single celled protozoal parasite
Trichomonas vaginalis
58
Diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis
High VAGINAL swab for microscopy
59
Treatment for pubic lice
Malathion lotion

Repodction (52 decks)

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