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Repodction > HIV > Flashcards

HIV Flashcards

1
Q

Which cells have CD4 receptors on them?

A

T helper cells (CD4+)
Dendritic cells
Macrophages
Microglial cells

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2
Q

Which cells have CD4 receptors on them?

A

T helper cells (CD4+)
Dendritic cells
Macrophages
Microglial cells

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3
Q

Which MCH cells do CD4+ cells recognise?

A

Recognise MHCII cells

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4
Q

Normal CD4+ parameters?

A

500-1600 cells/mm3

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5
Q

CD4+ parameters for risk of opportunistic infections?

A
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6
Q

When is HIV viral replication most rapid?

A

Rapid replication in very early and very late infection

-new generation every 6-12 hours

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7
Q

What happens when you first become infected with HIV (cell wise)

A

Infection of mucosal CD4 cell (langerhans and dendritic cells)

Then transport to regional lymph nodes

Infection established within 3 days of entry

Disseminatino of virus

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8
Q

Primary HIV infection symptoms

A 
Fever
Rash (maculopapular)
Myalgia
Pharyngitis
Headache/aseptic meningitis
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9
Q

Definition of an opportunistic infection

A

An infection caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce disease in a healthy individual

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10
Q

Symptoms of pneumocystis pneumonia and signs

A

Insidious onset
Dry cough
SOB
Signs: exercise desaturation

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11
Q

Diagnosis of Penumocystis pneumonia

A

Bronchoalveolar lavage and immunofluorescence

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12
Q

Treatment and prophylaxis for pneumocystis pneumonia

A

High dose co-trimoxazole (+/- steroid)

Prophylaxis - low dose co-trimoxazole

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13
Q

Which features of TB are more common in HIV+ than HIV- individuals

A 
Symptomatic primary TB
Reactivation of latent TB
Lymphadenopathies
Multi-drug resistant TB
Miliary TB
Extrapulmonary TB
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14
Q

CD4 threshold for pneumocystis pneumonia

A
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15
Q

CD4 threshold for cerebral toxoplasmosis

A
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16
Q

CD4 threshold for cytomegalovirus

A
17
Q

A man complaines of reduced visual acuity and that he can’t see things properly because of ‘floaters’. He also has a sore tummy and admits to diarrhoea and blood PR

A 
Cytomegalovirus
Symptoms:
-reduced visual acuity
-floaters
-abdo pain, diarrhoea, PR bleeding

Must do opthalmic screening for all individuals with a CD4 count below 50

18
Q

Why is cerebral toxoplasmosis bad and what symptoms does it cause?

A
  • reactivation of latent infections
  • multiple cerebral abscesses
  • chorioretinitis
Symptoms/signs:
-headaches
-fever
-focal neurology
-seizures
reduced consciousness
-raised intracranial pressure
19
Q

Which MCH cells do CD4+ cells recognise?

A

Recognise MHCII cells

20
Q

Normal CD4+ parameters?

A

500-1600 cells/mm3

21
Q

CD4+ parameters for risk of opportunistic infections?

A
22
Q

When is HIV viral replication most rapid?

A

Rapid replication in very early and very late infection

-new generation every 6-12 hours

23
Q

What happens when you first become infected with HIV (cell wise)

A

Infection of mucosal CD4 cell (langerhans and dendritic cells)

Then transport to regional lymph nodes

Infection established within 3 days of entry

Disseminatino of virus

24
Q

Primary HIV infection symptoms

A 
Fever
Rash (maculopapular)
Myalgia
Pharyngitis
Headache/aseptic meningitis
25
Q

Definition of an opportunistic infection

A

An infection caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce disease in a healthy individual

26
Q

Symptoms of pneumocystis pneumonia and signs

A

Insidious onset
Dry cough
SOB
Signs: exercise desaturation

27
Q

Diagnosis of Penumocystis pneumonia

A

Bronchoalveolar lavage and immunofluorescence

28
Q

Treatment and prophylaxis for pneumocystis pneumonia

A

High dose co-trimoxazole (+/- steroid)

Prophylaxis - low dose co-trimoxazole

29
Q

Which features of TB are more common in HIV+ than HIV- individuals

A 
Symptomatic primary TB
Reactivation of latent TB
Lymphadenopathies
Multi-drug resistant TB
Miliary TB
Extrapulmonary TB
30
Q

CD4 threshold for pneumocystis pneumonia

A
31
Q

CD4 threshold for cerebral toxoplasmosis

A
32
Q

CD4 threshold for cytomegalovirus

A
33
Q

A man complaines of reduced visual acuity and that he can’t see things properly because of ‘floaters’. He also has a sore tummy and admits to diarrhoea and blood PR

A 
Cytomegalovirus
Symptoms:
-reduced visual acuity
-floaters
-abdo pain, diarrhoea, PR bleeding

Must do opthalmic screening for all individuals with a CD4 count below 50

34
Q

Why is cerebral toxoplasmosis bad and what symptoms does it cause?

A
  • reactivation of latent infections
  • multiple cerebral abscesses
  • chorioretinitis
Symptoms/signs:
-headaches
-fever
-focal neurology
-seizures
reduced consciousness
-raised intracranial pressure

Repodction (52 decks)

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