Final revision Flashcards
Main risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes
- obesity
- use of insulin during pregnancy
- fasting glucose levels from OGTT in pregnancy
- impaired glucose tolerance postpartum
- ethnic group
If you have type 1/2 diabetes, you should receive an anomaly scan when?
Week 18
Glucose levels to confirm GD
- fasting >5.1
- 2 hours: >8.5
Target glucose levels for GD
- fasting: 3.5-5.9
- 1 hour post prandial:
Which illegal drug is defos associated with preterm birth
Coccaine
Infections which could cause poor fetal growth
Rubella
CMV
How can you assess fetal growth?
- Ultrasound
- Growth charts
What are accelerations?
An increase in fetal heart rate at the start of a uterine contraction returning to the baseline rate before or sometimes after the contraction
-indicates good reflex reactivity of the fetal circulation
What is loss of baseline variability?
Baseline fetal heart rate/variability of less than 5 beats per minute
What are late decelerations?
Decelerations where the lowest point is past the peak of the contraction
-often associated with asphyxia
What does the biophysical profile look at?
Ultrasound to asses:
- movement
- tone
- liquor volume
- breathing movements
Score out of 10:
8-10: satisfactory
4-6: repeat
0-2: deliver
Gram negative STI
chlamydia
Post coital or intermenstrual bleeding
Lower abdominal pain
Dyspareunia
Mucopurulent cervicitis
Chlamydia (female presentation)
Urethral discharge
Dysuria
Urethritis
Epididymo-orchitis
Chlamydia (male presentation)
How could chlamydia present in neonates?
Conjunctivitis
Pneumonia
Reiter’s syndrome
Typically affects younger males:
- urethritis
- conjunctivitis
- arthritis
Which STI could result in reiter’s syndrome?
Chlamydia
Which STI could result in Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome?
Chalmydia
When do you test for chlamydia?
2 weeks after exposure
Chlamydia treatment
Either Azithromycin 1g once, or doxycycline for a week
Gram negative intracellular diplococcus
Gonorrhoea
Primary sites of infection are the mucous membranes of the urethra, endocervix, rectum, and pharynx
Gonorrhoea
Incubation period for gonorrhoea
2-5 days
Asymptomatic - ≤10%
Urethral discharge – >80%
Dysuria
Pharyngeal/rectal infections – mostly asymptomatic
Gonorrhoea presentation (males)
Asymptomatic (up to 50%)
Increased/altered vaginal discharge (40%)
Dysuria
Pelvic pain (
Gonorrhoea presentation (females)
Gonorrhoea treatment
- Cetriaxone
- give azithromycin as well regardless of chlamydia result
- TEST OF CURE IN ALL PATIENTS
This is the most highly infectious lesion in syphilia
Condylomata lata (secondary syphilis)
How can you look to see if syphilis has relapsed? (clue RPR)
RPR increased by 4 fold suggests relapse (RPR looks for antibodies)
Dark microscopy and PCR are used to look at which STI?
Syphilis
Patchy alopecia
Syphilis
Genital herpes is more common with which HSV?
HSV 2
The most common viral STI in the UK
HPV
Genital warts are caused by which HPV strains?
HPV 6 and 11
