Final revision

Question 1

Main risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes

Answer 1

• obesity
• use of insulin during pregnancy
• fasting glucose levels from OGTT in pregnancy
• impaired glucose tolerance postpartum
• ethnic group

Question 2

If you have type 1/2 diabetes, you should receive an anomaly scan when?

Answer 2

Week 18

Question 3

Glucose levels to confirm GD

Answer 3

• fasting >5.1

- 2 hours: >8.5

Question 4

Target glucose levels for GD

Answer 4

• fasting: 3.5-5.9

- 1 hour post prandial:

Question 5

Which illegal drug is defos associated with preterm birth

Answer 5

Coccaine

Question 6

Infections which could cause poor fetal growth

Answer 6

Rubella

CMV

Question 7

How can you assess fetal growth?

Answer 7

• Ultrasound

- Growth charts

Question 8

What are accelerations?

Answer 8

An increase in fetal heart rate at the start of a uterine contraction returning to the baseline rate before or sometimes after the contraction

-indicates good reflex reactivity of the fetal circulation

Question 9

What is loss of baseline variability?

Answer 9

Baseline fetal heart rate/variability of less than 5 beats per minute

Question 10

What are late decelerations?

Answer 10

Decelerations where the lowest point is past the peak of the contraction

-often associated with asphyxia

Question 11

What does the biophysical profile look at?

Answer 11

Ultrasound to asses:

• movement
• tone
• liquor volume
• breathing movements

Score out of 10:
8-10: satisfactory
4-6: repeat
0-2: deliver

Question 12

Gram negative STI

Answer 12

chlamydia

Question 13

Post coital or intermenstrual bleeding
Lower abdominal pain
Dyspareunia
Mucopurulent cervicitis

Answer 13

Chlamydia (female presentation)

Question 14

Urethral discharge
Dysuria
Urethritis
Epididymo-orchitis

Answer 14

Chlamydia (male presentation)

Question 15

How could chlamydia present in neonates?

Answer 15

Conjunctivitis

Pneumonia

Question 16

Reiter’s syndrome

Answer 16

Typically affects younger males:

• urethritis
• conjunctivitis
• arthritis

Question 17

Which STI could result in reiter’s syndrome?

Answer 17

Chlamydia

Question 18

Which STI could result in Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome?

Answer 18

Chalmydia

Question 19

When do you test for chlamydia?

Answer 19

2 weeks after exposure

Question 20

Chlamydia treatment

Answer 20

Either Azithromycin 1g once, or doxycycline for a week

Question 21

Gram negative intracellular diplococcus

Answer 21

Gonorrhoea

Question 22

Primary sites of infection are the mucous membranes of the urethra, endocervix, rectum, and pharynx

Answer 22

Gonorrhoea

Question 23

Incubation period for gonorrhoea

Answer 23

2-5 days

Question 24

Asymptomatic - ≤10%
Urethral discharge – >80%
Dysuria
Pharyngeal/rectal infections – mostly asymptomatic

Answer 24

Gonorrhoea presentation (males)

Question 25

Asymptomatic (up to 50%)
Increased/altered vaginal discharge (40%)
Dysuria
Pelvic pain (

Answer 25

Gonorrhoea presentation (females)

Question 26

Gonorrhoea treatment

Answer 26

• Cetriaxone
• give azithromycin as well regardless of chlamydia result
• TEST OF CURE IN ALL PATIENTS

Question 27

This is the most highly infectious lesion in syphilia

Answer 27

Condylomata lata (secondary syphilis)

Question 28

How can you look to see if syphilis has relapsed? (clue RPR)

Answer 28

RPR increased by 4 fold suggests relapse (RPR looks for antibodies)

Question 29

Dark microscopy and PCR are used to look at which STI?

Answer 29

Syphilis

Question 30

Patchy alopecia

Answer 30

Syphilis

Question 31

Genital herpes is more common with which HSV?

Answer 31

HSV 2

Question 32

The most common viral STI in the UK

Answer 32

HPV

Question 33

Genital warts are caused by which HPV strains?

Answer 33

HPV 6 and 11