Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Repodction > CERVIX > Flashcards

CERVIX Flashcards

1
Q

This inflammatory condition is characterised by loads of lymphocytes in the sub-epithelial tissue (sub-epithelial reactive lymphoid follicles)

A

Follicular cervicitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When might a cervical polyp cause bleeding?

A

If it becomes ulcerated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The squamo-columnar junction is very vulnerable in early life, what could influence this

A
  • age at first intercourse
  • long term use of OCP
  • non-use of barrier contraception
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Effect of smoking on cervical cancer risk

A

Increases risk times THREE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is caused by which types of HPV?

A

HPV 16 and 18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How long does it take for HPV infection to transform to high grade CIN?

A

6 months - 3 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How long does it take for high grade CIN to transform into invasive cancer?

A

5-20 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the pre-invasive stage of cervical cancer?

A

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where does cervical intraepithelial neoplasia occur? What type of cells?

A
  • Occurs in the transformation zone
  • dysplasia of squamous cells
  • detectable by cervical screening
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Percentage of CIN1 that progress to invasion?

A

1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Percentage of CIN2 that progress to invasion

A

5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Percentage of CIN3 that progress to

A

> 12%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Stage 1 cervical cancer

A

Confined to cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Stage 2 cervical cancer

A

Spread to adjacent organs (vagina, uterus etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Stage 3 cervical cancer

A

Involvement of pelvic wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Stage 4 cervical cancer

A

Distant metastases or involvement of rectum or bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Symptoms of invasive cervical carcinoma

A

Abnormal bleeding:

  • post coital
  • post menopause
  • brownish or blood stained vaginal discharge
  • contact bleeding - friable epithelium

Pelvic pain
Haematuria/urinary infections
Ureteric obstruction / renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Spread of squamous carcinoma

A

Local - uterine body, vagina, bladder, ureters, rectum

Lymphatic - EARLY, pelvic, para-aortic nodes

Haematogenous - LATE, liver, lungs, bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Lymphatic spread of cervical carcinoma

A

This spread is EARLY

-pelivc, para-aortic nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Haematogenous spread of cervical carcinoma

A

This spread is LATE

-liver, lungs, bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is CGIN?

A

Cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia (CGIN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

CGIN is the preinvasive phase of which type of cancer

A

Endocervical adenocarcinoma

23
Q

What is the preinvasive phase of ednocervical adenocarcinoma?

A

CGIN

24
Q

Which HPV is associated with cervical adenocarcinoma

A

HPV 18

25
Q

Which age groups get vulval intraepithelial neoplasia?

A

Bimodal incidence:
Young women and older women

Can present as an ulcer of an exophytic mass

Often but not always HPV related

26
Q

Crusting rash

A

Vulvar pagets disease

27
Q

Where does vulvar pagets disease arise from?

A

Tumour cells in epidermis (CONTAIN MUCIN !!) - cancer arises from the sweat glands in the skin

28
Q

What do the tumour cells contain in vulvar paget’s disease?

A

Tumour cells contain mucin !!

29
Q

How does vulvar invasive squamous carcinoma present?

A

In elderly women, as an ulcer or as an exophytic mass

30
Q

Melanoma of the vagina?

A

This is vary rare, but may present as a polyp

31
Q

What type of cells will you see in cervicitis?

A

Subeptihelial reactive lymphoid follicles

32
Q

How might vulval carcinoma present?

A

Very itchy
May present as a nodule (this could then ulcerate) or may present as a cauliflower growth
-burning, tingling
-sex may be sore

33
Q

Smoking effect on cervical cancer

A

3x risk

34
Q

Condyloma Acuminatum: thickened “papillomatous” squamous epithelium with cytoplasmic vacuolation (“koilocytosis”)

A

HPV

35
Q

Which cells are affected in CIN?

A

Dysplasia of squamous cells

36
Q

Stage 1A1

A

Depth up to 3mm

Width up to 7mm

37
Q

Stage 1A2

A

Depth up to 5mm

Width up to 7mm

38
Q

Stage 1B

A

Confined to cervix

39
Q

Stage 2A

A

Spread to adjacent organs (vagina, uterus etc)

40
Q

Stage 3

A

Involvement of pelvic wall

41
Q

Stage 4

A

Distant metastases or involvement of rectum or bladder

42
Q

Lymphatic spread of squamous carcinoma?

A

Lymphatic spread it early to pelvic and para-aortic nodes

Haematogenous spread is late to liver, lungs and bone

43
Q

Which nodes does vulvar invasive squamous carcinoma spread to and why is this important?

A

Spreads to inguinal nodes

-important prognostic factor

44
Q

Crusting rash.

Tumour cells in epidermis, contain mucin

A

Pagets disease

Arises from sweat glands

45
Q

What is it about HPV that increases risk of cervical cancer?

A

PERSISTENCE increases risk of disease

46
Q

Mild karyotosis management

A

Check HPV status
if negative, patient goes back to routine recall

If HPV positive –> patient is referred for colposcopy

47
Q

Moderate karyotosis management

A

This is consistent with CIN II - refer for coloposcopy

48
Q

Severe dyskaryosis management

A

This is consistent with CIN III - refer for colposcopy

49
Q

Suspected invasive cancer management

A

Refer for urgent colposcopy (within 2 weeks)

50
Q

Results from smear are inadequate, what should you do?

A

Repeat smear - if persistent (3 inadequate samples - assess by colposcopy)

51
Q

Histology findings of CIN

A
  • the cells take longer to mature (so you’ll see lots more immature cells, like me lol)
  • Nuclear abnormalities (hyperchromasia, increased nucleocytoplasmic ratio, pleomorphism)
  • Excess mitotic activity
52
Q

What does koilocytosis indicate?

A

Indicates HPV infection

53
Q

This cancer is associated with a higher SE class

A

Adenocarcinoma

54
Q

This cancer is associated with a later onset of sexual activity

A

Adenocarcinoma

Repodction (52 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions