Easy Histology Flashcards
This is a common site for ovarian cancer
The simple cuboidal epithelium
What colour wi the tunica albuginea stain?
Stains blue because it contains lots of collage (dense connective tissue)
Germ cells proliferate by mitosis to form what?
Form oogonia (around week 6)
What happens to oogonia?
Develop and divide to form oocytes
What is oogenesis
The development of oocytes from oogonia
What is folliculogenesis?
Growth of the follicle
How may follicles restart per day in a 20 year old?
15 per day
How many follicles restart per day in a 40 year old?
1 per day
What happens if an oocyte fails to associate with pregranulosa cells
It will die
Shape of pregranulosa cels (before and after they enter growth phase)
Pregranulosa cells are squamous
If they enter the growth phase, they will become CUBoidal
How can you define primary follicles?
They are defined by the cuboidal granulosa cells (the zona granulosa)
What do the stromal cells form?
They form the theca
theca interna and externa
What does the theca interna secrete?
Secretes oestrogen precursors (then converted to oestrogen by the granulosa cells)
The theca externa remains fibroblast-like
What happens to the follicle after ovulation?
It will transform into a corpus luteum
What happens to the corpus luteum if implantation doesn’t occur
It will become the corbus albicans (the white thing fiona told me about)
What happens if implantation occurs?
The placenta secretes hCG which prevents degeneration of the corpus luteum (so maintains progesterone levels)
The 3 layers of the uterus
endometrium - lots of tubular secretory glands
myometrium - 3 layers of smooth muscle combined with collagen and elastic tissue
perimetrium - outer layer loose connective tissue
What is the stratum fucntionalis
Layer of the endometrium
-undergoes mostly growth, degeneration and loss
What is the stratum basilis
Layer of the endomertrium
-regenerates the functionalis
Which hormone causes proliferation of the endometrium?
Oestrogen
What happens to the gland in the uterus during the secretory phase?
They become coiled and secrete glycogen
Epithelium of the cervix
- squamous on vaginal surface then TRANSITIONS to
- mucous secreting simple columnar
TRANSITION ZONE - common site for dysplasia/cervical cancer
The 4 layers of the vagina
1) Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. During reproductive years, this layer is thicker and cells are enlarged due to glycogen accumulation.
2) Lamina propria: connective tissue rich in elastic fibres and thin-walled blood vessels.
3) Fibromuscular layer: inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle.
4) Adventitia
Why is it important the the vagina has glycogen in the epithelium?
Commensal bacteria metabolise this glyogen to lactic acid which inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria
Are there any glands in the walls of the vagina? how does it stay lubricated?
No glands in the wall
-lubricated by mucous from endocervical glands and fluid from lamina propria blood vessels
Glands in the labia majora
Apocrine sweat glands and sebaceous glands
Structure of the labia minora
Rich in vasculature and sebaceous glands
Keratinised epithelium from labia minor extends into the opening of the vagina and up until which level
Up to the level of the hymen
