Easy Histology

Question 1

This is a common site for ovarian cancer

Answer 1

The simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 2

What colour wi the tunica albuginea stain?

Answer 2

Stains blue because it contains lots of collage (dense connective tissue)

Question 3

Germ cells proliferate by mitosis to form what?

Answer 3

Form oogonia (around week 6)

Question 4

What happens to oogonia?

Answer 4

Develop and divide to form oocytes

Question 5

What is oogenesis

Answer 5

The development of oocytes from oogonia

Question 6

What is folliculogenesis?

Answer 6

Growth of the follicle

Question 7

How may follicles restart per day in a 20 year old?

Answer 7

15 per day

Question 8

How many follicles restart per day in a 40 year old?

Answer 8

1 per day

Question 9

What happens if an oocyte fails to associate with pregranulosa cells

Answer 9

It will die

Question 10

Shape of pregranulosa cels (before and after they enter growth phase)

Answer 10

Pregranulosa cells are squamous

If they enter the growth phase, they will become CUBoidal

Question 11

How can you define primary follicles?

Answer 11

They are defined by the cuboidal granulosa cells (the zona granulosa)

Question 12

What do the stromal cells form?

Answer 12

They form the theca

theca interna and externa

Question 13

What does the theca interna secrete?

Answer 13

Secretes oestrogen precursors (then converted to oestrogen by the granulosa cells)

The theca externa remains fibroblast-like

Question 14

What happens to the follicle after ovulation?

Answer 14

It will transform into a corpus luteum

Question 15

What happens to the corpus luteum if implantation doesn’t occur

Answer 15

It will become the corbus albicans (the white thing fiona told me about)

Question 16

What happens if implantation occurs?

Answer 16

The placenta secretes hCG which prevents degeneration of the corpus luteum (so maintains progesterone levels)

Question 17

The 3 layers of the uterus

Answer 17

endometrium - lots of tubular secretory glands
myometrium - 3 layers of smooth muscle combined with collagen and elastic tissue
perimetrium - outer layer loose connective tissue

Question 18

What is the stratum fucntionalis

Answer 18

Layer of the endometrium

-undergoes mostly growth, degeneration and loss

Question 19

What is the stratum basilis

Answer 19

Layer of the endomertrium

-regenerates the functionalis

Question 20

Which hormone causes proliferation of the endometrium?

Answer 20

Oestrogen

Question 21

What happens to the gland in the uterus during the secretory phase?

Answer 21

They become coiled and secrete glycogen

Question 22

Epithelium of the cervix

Answer 22

• squamous on vaginal surface then TRANSITIONS to
• mucous secreting simple columnar

TRANSITION ZONE - common site for dysplasia/cervical cancer

Question 23

The 4 layers of the vagina

Answer 23

1) Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. During reproductive years, this layer is thicker and cells are enlarged due to glycogen accumulation.
2) Lamina propria: connective tissue rich in elastic fibres and thin-walled blood vessels.
3) Fibromuscular layer: inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle.
4) Adventitia

Question 24

Why is it important the the vagina has glycogen in the epithelium?

Answer 24

Commensal bacteria metabolise this glyogen to lactic acid which inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria

Question 25

Are there any glands in the walls of the vagina? how does it stay lubricated?

Answer 25

No glands in the wall

-lubricated by mucous from endocervical glands and fluid from lamina propria blood vessels

Question 26

Glands in the labia majora

Answer 26

Apocrine sweat glands and sebaceous glands

Question 27

Structure of the labia minora

Answer 27

Rich in vasculature and sebaceous glands

Question 28

Keratinised epithelium from labia minor extends into the opening of the vagina and up until which level

Answer 28

Up to the level of the hymen