Microbial Pathogenicity And Virulence

Question 1

What is pathogenicity

Answer 1

Ability to microbes to cause disease

Question 2

What is virulence

Answer 2

Capacity of the organism to cause disease
Quantitative measure of pathogenicity

Question 3

Types of bacterial pathogen

Answer 3

Oppurtunistic
Primary pathogens

Question 4

Oppurtunistic pathogens

Answer 4

Can cause disease in certain conditions

Question 5

Primary pathogens

Answer 5

Capable of establishing infection and causing disease in healthy individuals

Question 6

Pathogen

Answer 6

Any microorganism that has the capacity to cause disease

Question 7

Factors that effect the pathogenicity

Answer 7

Number of parasites in the body
Virulence of the parasite
Immunity of the host

Question 8

Host defense mechanisms weakining factors

Answer 8

Age
Illness
Immunosuppressive drugs

Question 9

Physical and chemical characteristics contribute to the pathogenicity

Answer 9

Invasiveness
Infectivity
Pathogenicity

Question 10

Bacterial product or strategy that contributes to virulence

Answer 10

Colonization
Avoid host defenses
Multiplication and spread
Invasion of host tissues
Destruction of host tissues

Question 11

Bacterial virulence mechanisms

Answer 11

Adherence , Invasion— Adhesiveness
Degredative enzymes— Invasiveness
Exotoxins, Endotoxins— Toxigenicity

Question 12

Types of bacterial adhesion molecules

Answer 12

1- Fimbrial adhesins
2- Non-Fimbrial adhsesins

Question 13

Fimbrial adhesins

Answer 13

First initial step of bacteria to start an infection
Causes colonization
Different species of bacteria produces different types of Fimbria

Question 14

Enteropathogenic E.coli fimbrial antigens

Answer 14

CFA 1
CFA 2 ( colonization factor antigen)
Binds with mucosal receptors of gut

Question 15

Uropathogen E.coli fimbrial antigen

Answer 15

P.fimbria
Disprotein molecule helps the bacteria to bind the urinary tract mucosal

Question 16

Type 1 Fimbriae of E.coli

Answer 16

Mannose

Question 17

P. Fimbriae E.coli

Answer 17

Galactose

Question 18

Non-Fimbrial adhesins

Answer 18

Cell surface adhesion molecules
Helps bacteria to bind specific receptors of body

Question 19

Invasion

Answer 19

After colonization some bacteria exert their pathogenic effects without penetrating the tissues of the host
Toxins, Aggresins

Question 20

Which bacteria invade colonic mucosal cells by invasins but rarely penetrate deep into the host tissues

Answer 20

Shigella

Question 21

Which bacteria invade deep tissues

Answer 21

Salmonellae

Question 22

Avoidance of host defense mechanisms

Answer 22

Capsule
Streptococcal M protein
Resistance to killing by phagocytic cells
Antigenic variation
Ig A proteases
Iron acquisition

Question 23

Importance of Iron

Answer 23

To be pathogenic—> must be able to multiply in host
In order to multiply bacteria needs iron and synthesizes iron chelations called SİDEROPHORES

Question 24

Endotoxins on which type of bacteria

Answer 24

Only gram -

Question 25

Which type of toxin called Lipopolysaccharide

Answer 25

Endotoxin