Human Retroviruses Flashcards
What is the 2 types of human retroviruses
1- Immunodeficency Virus
2- Oncogenic virus
What are the types of Immunodeficiency viruses
HIV-1
HIV-2
What are the subtypes of HIV-1
M— A,B,C,D,F,G,H,J,K,CPRs
N
O
P
What are the agents of HIV-1
SIVcpz— P.troglodytes
How is the genome of the HIV
High mutation rate
Recombination of two strands of RNA
Interactions with the host cell.
Has LTR
What is LTR?
Long Terminal Repeats
Responsible for integration into the host chromosome by RNA-dependent DNA polymerase
What are the Retroviral Genes
Major Genes— gag=structural , pol= enzymes , env= Gps
Accessory Genes— tat=activation of transcription , rev= induction of apoptosis, vif= viral inflammatory factor
What are the proteins of env,gag,pol genes
Env= gp120,gp41
Gag= matrix, capsid protein (p24)
Pol= Integrase Protease , RT
Which molecules are involved in the cell tropism of HIV
Helper T cells
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
What are the human cell receptors for HIV
CD4= main
CCR5= Co-receptor
CXCR4=Co-receptor
CCR5 and CXCR4 cells
CCR5=macrophages, dendritic cells
CXCR4= T helper cells
Which receptor of HIV is M-tropic
CCR5
Which HIV receptor is T-tropic virus
CXCR4
Drug studies for HIV aim to attack which structures?
To co-receptors bc when you block the co-receptor main receptor which is CD4 can’t work and HIV cannot enter the cell.
Why does HIV has Quasispecies
Viral replication is dynamic and turns over quickly
Extensive viral replication and mutation
