Coronavirus, Falvivirus, Calicivirus Flashcards
Structure of the Coronavirus
Enveloped
+ ss RNA — can act as mRNA and goes to ribosome directly
Helical symmetry
Replicate in host cell cytoplasm
Higher replication error rate
Big size
High frequency of new viral subtypes
Proteins of Coronavirus
Spike protein
Membrane protein — integral membrane protein
Some have Hemagglutinin esterase — receptor binding
Spike protein of Coronavirus
Receptor binding activity
Membrane fusion activity
Major ag for neutralizing ab
Human coronaviruses
Alpha coronaviruses
Beta coronaviruses — common cold
2 serotypes of Alpha coronaviruses
229E
NL63
Coronaviruses that can infect both humans and animals
SARS-CoV
MERS-CoV
SARS-CoV-2
Similarity between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2
Genuses are same : Clade 1, lineage B
Which receptor does SARS-CoV uses
ACE-2
Which receptor does MERS-CoV uses
DPP4—> Dipeptidyl peptidase 4
Which receptor does SARS-CoV-2 uses
ACE-2
Among coronaviruses which one have the highest mortality rate
MERS
Among Coronaviruses which one is the most infective one
SARS has the highest R0
Characteristic lab finding of COVID
Lymphopenia
Elevated Lactate Dehydrogenase
Main variant of COVID
Omicron
Diagnosis of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2
Rt-PCR test
Serology
Antiviral drug for SARS-CoV
Remdesivir
Which coronavirus have a vaccine
SARS-CoV-2
Properties of Calicivirus
Small virion
Positive sense
Ss RNA
Icosahedral capsid symmetry
* Not cultivated in vitro
Human agent of Calicivirus
Norovirus
Species of Norovirus
Norwalk virus
Transmission of Norovirus
Extremely contagious
Very low ID50
Person to person contact
Contaminated water or food
Survives long on surfaces
Norovirus causes
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Non bacterial gastroenteritis outbreaks
* Stomach flu
Pathogenesis of Norovirus
Usually produces incomplete and temporary immunity
No vaccine bc of this
Arenavirus causes
Rodent-transmitted disease in humans
Properties of Arenavirus
Spherical shape
Linear or circular - sense ssRNA
Enveloped
Replicates in host cell cytoplasm
Reservoir of Arenavirus
Rodents
Transmission of Arenavirus
Transmitted by rodent urine/ feces
contaminated food/ water / aerosols
Which Arenavirus is the only one that exist in both new world and old world
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
Arenavirus-LCM virus properties
Flu-like febrile illness
Cause meningitis
** Large numbers of lymphocytes in CSF —> characteristic
Vertical transmission to fetus
Arenavirus-Lassa fever
Lassavirus
*Person to person transmission
Asymptomatic
Endo cell damage
Platelet dysfunction —> bleeding can not stop
Suppressed cardiac function
Diagnosis of Arenaviruses
ELISA
IgM and IgG
RT-PCR
Treatment of Arenavirus
Supportive therapy
Ribavirin
No vaccine
Filovirus causes
Hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates
Two members of Filovirus
Marburgvirus and Ebolavirus
Transmission of Filoviruses
Transmission to human is unknown
Transmitted from patient to a close contact by infective body fluids
Properties of Marburgvirus and Ebolavirus
Filamentous
Enveloped
Helical capsid
Negative-sense
Ss RNA
Replicates in the host cell cytoplasm
Produces a lot of virions
Marburgvirus and Ebolavirus causes
Tissue necrosis in organs
Endo cell/platelet dysfunction
Whole body is effected bc it effects cell vessels
Internal and external bleeding
Diagnosis of Marburgvirus and Ebolavirus
Detection of IgM or viral ag
Treatment of Ebola
Supportive care
No virus specific drug
