memory Flashcards
memory is not a
unitary store
explicit memory
declarative - conscious awareness
types of explicit memory
episodic - biographical
semantic- words, ideas, concepts
implicit
non declarative
types of implicit
procedural-skills
emotional conditioning
clive wearing
amnesia
procedural memory stays intact but episodic and procedural is damaged
history of memory research
ancient cultures - gods/goddesses associated specifically with memory
plato
all essential truths are stored in memory
remembering needs retrieval
Aristotle
mind contains block of wax
remembering needs initial encoding and storage w
memory stage
encoding , storage and retrieval
Aristotle memory is the
power of retention and recollection-associations
laws of association
similarity, contrast, contiguity - occur close together
17th century major change in the way
memory was studied and conceptualised
beginning of modern psychology
empiricism
the mind and memory starts as tabula rase- blank slate
associations are engraved on it by experiences
19th century Ebbinghaus
numerical approach , tested himself , invented nonsense syllables to reduce effects of previous knowledge
law of learning
recited lists of 16 syllables
repeated recitation
24 hours later measured ho long it took to relearn lists
the amount learnt depends
on the time spent learning
total time hypothesis
law of forgetting
measured time required to learn a list of 13 syllables
waited before relearning the same material
measured how long it took to relearn lists
bahrick
info is lost overtime when there is no attempt to retain it
Bartlett
conducted experiments by having people reconstruct past experiences
serial reproduction
Ebbinghaus
quantitative , removed influence of meaning - CVC, universal constraints and reactivate a decayed trace
Bartlett
qualitative , meaningful materials, stories and pics, influence of culture, memory is reconstructive via schema
schema
new info is remembered in terms of already existing structures
ulrich Neisser
memory should be studied moron everyday life
