lecture 3

Question 1

recognition of self

Answer 1

rouge test - bertenthal and Fischer

does the infant notice there is a red dot on their nose

Question 2

recognition of others

Answer 2

fantz

infants have a preference of looking at faces o ver other images

Question 3

do infants distinguish their mothers face from another persons

Answer 3

pascalis
4 day old infant distinguished between mothers face and a female stranger face
but if 2 adults wearing scarves (only their internal faces were seen- infants did not distinguish

early recognition of faces is based on external contours of the face

Question 4

meltzoff and Moore

Answer 4

early smiles were reflexive

Question 5

what is social referencing

Answer 5

using other peoples emotions to regulate their own

Question 6

what is attachment

Answer 6

a deep emotional response that one individual forms with another

Question 7

bowlbys attachment theory

Answer 7

psychoanalytic ideas importance of early childhood experiences
emphasises the importance of having a mother figure

Question 8

harlow

Answer 8

rhesus monkeys
prefer contact over food
demonstrates that love is not bases on the feeding bond

Question 9

Lorenz

Answer 9

imprinting - innate readiness to develop a strong bond

Question 10

cognitive psychology

Answer 10

mental models - schemas and continuity hypothesis

Question 11

concept of attachment

Answer 11

innate readiness 
develops at a particular point - sensitive period
social releasers
monotropy
internal workingmodel
continuity hypothesis

Question 12

criticisms

Answer 12

low population validity

social environment- politics of post war

Question 13

stages of attachment

Answer 13

schaffers and Emerson 
asocial 
indiscriminte
specific
multiple

Question 14

asocial

Answer 14

behaviour towards inaminate objects and humans are similar

Question 15

discriminate

Answer 15

more social behaviour- able to distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar people
easily comforted

Question 16

specific

Answer 16

stronger separation anxiety

specific preference for a single attachment figure

Question 17

multiple

Answer 17

infants become increasingly independent

some attachments are stronger than others

Question 18

Ainsworth strange situation results

Answer 18

secure- 70%
insecure avoidant 20%
insecure resistant- 10%

Question 19

secure type

Answer 19

type b
harmonious and cooperate interactions
separated- little distress- unlikely to cry
anxious- see close body contact and easily soothed
uses the caregiver as a secure basis

Question 20

insecure avoidant-

Answer 20

type a
tends to avoid social interaction and intimacy
separated - little response
happy to explore

Question 21

insecure resistant

Answer 21

type c 
seeks and resists intimacy 
separated- immediate and intense 
reunion- conflicting desires
less likely to explore

Question 22

insecure disorganised

Answer 22

type d 
unusual and disoriented behaviours 
unable to handle stressful situations 
frightened/ depressed in presence of mother
parenting is neglectful

Question 23

internal working model

Answer 23

representations of attachment relationships

used to predict or interpret behaviours of others in future

Question 24

positive outcomes

Answer 24

grossman
attachment st 12 months predicts social skills at 6 years
secure infants had better social skills

Question 25

negative outcomes

Answer 25

lewis -
insecure attached infants are more likely to become depressed
park and walters- less harmonious friendships

Question 26

criticisms of Ainsworth study

Answer 26

cross cultural variations
Japanese infants are rarely separated so showed higher levels of separation anxiety
stability of classification- infants behave differently with different parents
lab experiemnt
low internal validity