lecture 2

Question 1

major features of foetal development

Answer 1

8 weeks- reflexes
12 weeks- vital organs formed
16 weeks- foetal movements felt by mother
24 weeks- sucking reflex
28 weeks- point of viability
30 weeks rapid eye movements - associated with dreaming

Question 2

prenatal development- sensory

Answer 2

touch- moves around from early in development 
hearing- foetus can hear mothers voice 
smell- stimulates olfactory sensors 
taste- amniotic fluid 
sight- little visual experience

Question 3

infant brains-

Answer 3

one third of total body volume

Question 4

during childhood brains

Answer 4

brain continues to grow at same rate

Question 5

synaptogenesis

Answer 5

growth of synapses between neurones

Question 6

synapse elimination

Answer 6

pruning of unnecessary synapses

Question 7

how to measure infant abilities

Answer 7

eye movements , involuntary functions, sucking, etc

Question 8

what did fantz develop

Answer 8

experimental method for assessing the perceptual capabilities of non verbal individuals

Question 9

whats the experimental method fantz developed called

Answer 9

preferential looking

Question 10

what does preferential looking involve

Answer 10

two stimuli presented visually

time spent fixating on each is measured

Question 11

Brennan , ames and Moore 1966

Answer 11

vision improves and an infant shows a preference for complex items

Question 12

early visual preference

Answer 12

optimal level of complexity, symmetry and salience of external contour

Question 13

Slater, Morison and rose 1983

Answer 13

habituation - infants can distinguish between two stimuli , infant can learn - memory

Question 14

bellman and spelke

Answer 14

violation of expectations

Question 15

violation of expectations purpose

Answer 15

to see whether young infants actually have object permanence (i.e. they know that objects out of sight still exist), but are unable to search for them because they do not have the necessary motor abilities.Based on the idea that infants will show surprise when witnessing an impossible event

Question 16

vocalisation -

Answer 16

different cries and for fun -socialisation

Question 17

held and hein -

Answer 17

kitten arousal- interested in how visual system develops

- does it matter if we control what we see

Question 18

what did held and hein find

Answer 18

that the active kittens had a better visual system than passive as they could control their inputs

Question 19

Gibson and walk

Answer 19

depth perception

visual cliff possiblly innate

Question 20

Piaget assumptions

Answer 20

children begin with many incorrect assumptions and are egocentric

Question 21

object permanence

Answer 21

children are only aware of the things they are currently experiencing

Question 22

infants have

Answer 22

sensori motor knowledge- everything an infant knows is a result of their active exploration

Question 23

violation of expectations technique

Answer 23

short and tall rabbit both behind a wall

infant is surprised when a rabbit can be seen when the wall is lower- shows they have a sense of object permanennce