lecture 3

Question 1

memory can be influenced by

Answer 1

what we feel

eg - people who are depressed have slower cognitive processing

Question 2

types of effects on memory cam be at

Answer 2

encoding - if an event arouses intense emotion this may influence the likelihood of the event being remembered

Question 3

direction of influence may be

Answer 3

positive - flashbulb or negative - repression

relevance to clinical settings

Question 4

effects on memory ay retrieval

Answer 4

emotional state at the time of retrieval may influenced what is remembered

Question 5

mood congruent retrieval

Answer 5

what the person remembers tend to match their mood

Question 6

flashbulb memories brown and kulik

Answer 6

studied memories for persona circumstances surrounding news of JFKs assassination
people had vivid and detailed memories of what they are doing

Question 7

meaningful events

Answer 7

very like photographs that indiscriminately preserve the scene, which remain permanently fixed in memory - don’t decay

Question 8

newsier and harsh

Answer 8

average of 3 details out of 7
but confidence was high when asked to recall
no significant correlation between accuracy and confidence

Question 9

flashbulb memories differ

Answer 9

quantitatively other than qualitatively from other memories

Question 10

how do flashbulb memories differ

Answer 10

retained more accurately and for longer

subjective to the same reconstructive processes and follows the forgetting curve

Question 11

higher retention is associated with

Answer 11

emotional impact of the event and increased rehearsal

Question 12

talarico and rubin

Answer 12

students memory of the 9/11 were tested at retention intervals . flashbulb memories were vivid and everyday memory was less vivid but similar consistency

Question 13

repression

Answer 13

painful frightening memo’s tend to be repressed - excluded from conscious awareness

Question 14

evidence for repression

Answer 14

none as it is difficult to study - researchers can’t expose subjects to traumatic events - ethical reasons

Question 15

recovered memory debate

Answer 15

if someone undergoing therapy apparently recovers memos of being abused is this because therapists has helped to overcome repression of therapist implanted a false memory

Question 16

mood congruent retrieval

Answer 16

when in a depressed mood there is a bias towards remembering negative info

Question 17

Lloyd and Lishman procedure

Answer 17

gave clinically depressed patients a list of neutral worlds and asked them to think of either a pleasant or unpleasant memory

Question 18

Lloyd and lishman results

Answer 18

the more depressed the faster they recalled unpleasant memories

Question 19

cognitive therapy

Answer 19

important for depression

aims to overcome possible negative bias in their views - aware of distorted thinking and focus on positives

Question 20

state dependent learning

Answer 20

better learning when in the same state

Question 21

Goodwin et al

Answer 21

alcohol - encoded info when drunk - more likely to recall in the same state

Question 22

context dependent learning godden and baddeley

Answer 22

divers learnt lists either or land or underwater

higher recall when in the same context

Question 23

mood dependent learning map study

Answer 23

induced happy or sad mood at learning and recall . subjects looked at maps while listening to a list of directions. higher recall when mood matches learning and recall

Question 24

bower

Answer 24

network theory of emotion - emotional are represented by nodes in a semantic network

Question 25

network theory of emotion explains

Answer 25

mood congruent effects eg- if in a sad mood more likely to recall sad events - activation of associative links

Question 26

network theory of emotion disadvantage

Answer 26

it treats different emotions in the same way