melanoma, Cutaneous FB Flashcards
melanoma
Prognosis for tumors exhibiting malignant features is guarded, although one-third of dogs with malignant melanomas of the lip and up to 70% of the dogs with malignant melanomas of the haired skin or nail bed survived more than 1 year after surgery.309,451,678,727,846 Only 11% to 36% of the cases with nail bed tumors were reported to be alive at 2 years after surgery.309,451,727,846 In cats, the prognosis after surgical resection of nonocular cutaneous malignant melanomas is reasonable with survival times ranging up to 3 years, with reported metastatic rates of 5% to 25%.385 Surgical treatment significantly improved survival in cats with melanomas
dog melanoma
5% of melanomas from the haired skin show benign behavior.250,678 In contrast, melanomas from the oral cavity, mucocutaneous junctions (excluding the eyelids), and approximately 50% localized around the nail bed are more commonly malignant
Canine melanomas show a high level of expression of tyrosinase, a membrane glycoprotein involved in melanin synthesis, compared to normal tissues and is therefore a useful target for immunotherapy
no prospective controlled trials have been conducted, making it impossible to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of the tyrosinase DNA vaccine at this time.
evidence but low that increase MST with sx + vaccine
digit tumor dogs
Because of the similarity in location and clinical presentation, the recommended treatment for benign and malignant tumors is wide amputation
squamous cell carcinoma (47% to 52% of malignant digital tumors),
malignant melanoma (16% to 23%),
soft tissue sarcoma (13%),
mast cell tumor (9%),
osteosarcoma (3% to 6%)
SCC
- Reported 1- and 2-year survival rates were 95% and 75%, respectively, for squamous cell carcinoma originating from the subungual epithelium compared with 60% and 40% for squamous cell carcinoma from other parts of the digit
melanoma
- Metastatic rates of 38% to 58% and 1- and 2-year survival rates of 42% to 70% and 11% to 36%, respectively, have been reported.
cats digit tumors
squamous cell carcinoma or fibrosarcoma.
Metastatic nail bed tumors
Blondel 2021 – pre-op ultrasound more sensitive (88%) than CT/MRI (57.1%) for detection of
migrating foreign bodies
- intra-op u/s increased success rate for removal (89.5% vs 59.1%)
- overall removal 30/41 (73.2%) → 90.2% resolution
Complete surgical excision versus Penrose
drainage for the treatment of elbow
hygroma in 19 dogs (1997 to 2014)
V. Angelou
Surgical excision of canine elbow hygroma (SQ tissue shelled out) is an effective technique that appears
to have fewer postoperative complications than Penrose drain placement.
Percutaneous ultrasound-guided anchor wire
placement aids in the intraoperative localization
of nonpalpable, superficial foreign bodies and abscesses in dogs
Grace Thomas,
Preoperative percutaneous placement of an anchor wire via ultrasound guidance was successful in aiding intraoperative localization of nonpalpable abscesses and retrieval of foreign bodies. This technique may decrease surgical time, minimize the surgical approach required, and increase the likelihood of successful localization.
Surgical
treatment of deep neck infections in 19 dogs
Meenakshi Rajeev
Foreign material was suspected on CT for 4 dogs and was identified at surgery or histopathology for 4 dogs, only 1 of which was suspected on CT
polymicrobial infections were common
Change in antimicrobial treatment based on culture was uncommon (3/19). All dogs survived to hospital discharge; 18 dogs with long-term follow-up had complete resolution of clinical signs.
All 19 surgeries consisted of abscess exploration, drainage of any encountered purulent material, debridement, and lavage
Mini-invasive approach for removal of iliopsoas migrating grass awns with an atraumatic wound retractor
G. Moretti
under intra-operative ultrasonographic guidance. Four dogs had a history of pulmonary disease potentially compatible
