Ch 8 Nutrition

Question 1

List the adverse consequences of protein-energy malnutrition

Answer 1

impaired cell mediated and humoral immunity

Increased susceptibilty to infection

Delayed healing (wound and fracture)

wound dehiscense and leakage

Poor tolerance to chemo

muscle weakness

Organ failure and death

If I Dont Have Donuts, Can We Outrun Death

Question 2

What is the primary energy source during uncomplicated starvation?

Answer 2

Fatty acids and eventually ketones

Question 3

How does the liver work to maintain glucose concentration within the blood during periods of fasting

Answer 3

Gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis

Question 4

What is the main concern of lack of oral intake of nutrients?

Answer 4

Villous atrophy
Compromise of the intestinal epithelial barrier

Enteral feeding should begin within 48hr as this has been shown to decrease mortality in humans

Question 5

What haematalogical/biochemical abnormalities can be seen with malntrition?

Answer 5

Hypoalbuminaemia, lymphopaenia and anaemia (all non-specific)

Question 6

RER (kcal/day) = 70BW^0.75

Answer 6

Convalescent diets are available that are formulated to contain higher levels of protein and fat, are more calorically dense, are highly palatable, and have a homogeneous texture suitable for feeding tubes.

eding tube may be placed in patients when oral intake of food is not possible. These include orogastric, nasogastric, esophageal, or gastrostomy tubes.

Question 7

How does severe injury or head trauma effect the energy requirements of the patient?

Answer 7

These patients have increased energy requirements due to the extent of the injuries or due to activation of the sympathetic nervous system. May exceed 2xRER

Protein requirements are increased to facilitate, recovery, immune function and wound healing. May exceed normal requirement for 50-100%

Question 8

List some pharmacological agents which can be used for appetite stimulation

Answer 8

Mirtazapine (gabapentin)
Maropitant
Benzodiazepines
Cyproheptadine
Anabolic steroids

Question 9

ndications for parenteral nutrition

Answer 9

GIT not functioning or complete rest is requires
Unable to tolerate anaesthesia

Question 10

products are within parenteral nutritiona solutions?

Answer 10

Dextrose (if >10%, must be administered in a central vein)
AAs (+/- electrolytes) (If >6.5% must be central)
lipid emulsions (iso-osmotic) - Does not contain arachidonic acid whihc is essential for cats
multivitamin and mineral support
VitK must be given SQ - 0.5mg/kg on day 1 and then weekly)

Question 11

Comparison of preoperative to postoperative blood glucose in puppies undergoing elective surgical neutering
Fudge 2022

Answer 11

171 PUPPIES, 2-6mths

did not result in pre- or postoperative hypoglycemia in studied puppies undergoing elective neutering.

Question 12

Use of propofol to induce food consumption
by anorectic dogs following ovariohysterectomy
Papageorgiou 2021

RCT

Answer 12

51 healthy female dogs that failed to eat voluntarily

Propofol effectively induced in anorectic female dogs by IV administration
of propofol at a dose of 2 mg/kg.

marked sedation induced
by propofol should be considered the only serious disadvantage