Ch 2 Molecular and cellular biology

Question 1

Genetics

4 building blocks?

how many chromsosomes dog and cat?

Answer 1

structure and function of a cell
b. DNA- purines: adenine and guanine, pyridimines cytosine and thymine
c. Replication (DNA)  transcription (RNA) translation (protein)
d. RNA- uracil instead of thymine
e. Dogs- 38 chromosomes + 1 sex, cats- 19 + 1 sex

Question 2

gene structure

Answer 2

a. mRNA- codes for protein sequences (messenger)
b. rRNA- codes for mitochondrial ribosomal subunits used in translation (ribosomal)
c. tRNA- transfer, codes amino acid binding units, which bind to mRNA
l. reverse transcriptase- make DNA from RNA
m. telomerase- adds terminal repeats to prevent shortening of DNA over time
i. mechanism used by tumors

Question 3

III. Control of gene expression

Answer 3

a. Transcription units- DNA that is transcribed to RNA
b. Promoter- identifies start of transcription unit
c. Transcription factors- bind promoters

Question 4

epigenetics

Answer 4

a. Epigenetics- Methods other than DNA sequencing that control differential expression in different cell types