Ch 70 Muscle and tendon Flashcards

Question

Effect of calcanean bone-tunnel orientation for teno-osseous repair in a canine common calcanean tendon avulsion model Beamon 2022 | duffy

Answer 1

Results: The only difference detected consisted of TT constructs yielding at loads 25% higher than MT constructs (P = .027). Conclusion: Although yield loads were lower in MT constructs than other groups, the bone-tunnel anchoring techniques tested here did not appear to influence the biomechanical properties or gapping characteristics of tenoosseous repairs in this canine CCT avulsion model.

Answer 2

diagnosis was confirmed with ultrasound or MRI in six dogs All dogs were managed conservatively, either with complete confinement alone (n = 10; median 9 weeks), external coaptation alone (n = 1), or a combination of both (n = 4). A good (persistently increased tibiotarsal standing angle > partial plantigrade) to excellent outcome was achieved for all cases in this cohort Currently, there is no consensus on the treatment of DGMJR in dogs. All sporting dogs had an excellent outcome. In contrast, all companion dogs had a shorter duration of complete confinement and some form of coaptation (Table 2) and achieved a good outcome. in humans: almost uniformly non-surgical regeneration of functional tissue or by the proliferation of fibrous tissue to span the defect; a combination of both occurs in high-grade muscle injuries The predominance of one form of healing over the other can be influenced by the load, or lack thereof, placed through the healing tissues in

Answer 3

Twelve pairs of cadaveric hindlimbs A calcaneotibial screw placed at an angle approximately perpendicular to the long axis of the calcaneus, has a higher force to failure under axial loading than a calcaneotibial screw that is placed at an angle approximately perpendicular to the tibia, in a canine cadaveric model. constructs were tested for load to failure rather than cyclic loading. likey due to increased Surface area no bending or breakage of screws during the force testing suggesting that the screws pulled out of the tibia before a high enough force was achieved to bend or break the screw between

Answer 4

Inherited familial risk for fibrotic myopathy in the GSD was supported by pedigree analysis Intensive rehabilitation and physical therapy have been recommended to try to slow the progression of contracture and combat pelvic limb muscle atrophy. Recurrence of lameness within 3 to 5 months of surgical treatment is typical.5 Subsequent surgical treatment has a shorter time to recurrence.5 Treatment with autologous adipose-derived stem cells injected into the lesion as well as IV subjectively reported long-term resolution in 4 of 11 dogs.7 Comorbidities were common in the dogs of this report. The most frequently occurring comorbidity was spinal pathology, such as lumbosacral disease, intervertebral disc disease, and spinal osteoarthritis,

Answer 5

Randomized, cadaveric, biomechanical study of 30 canine gastrocnemius tendons. 2–0 polypropylene A 4LP pattern was biomechanically superior to a 3LP pattern, as demonstrated by a greater load required to form both a 1 and 3mm gap and a greater load for failure Ideally, gap formation should be less than 1mmto reduce the occurrence of scar formation a gap greater than 3mm did not change with time, indicating that a gap of 3mm or more prevents accrual of strength and stiffness, The 3LP has been compared with both a double Krackow, self-locking suture and two locking loops.9,10,12,13 and the 3LP wasmore resistant to gap formation.12 While the 3LP better resisted gap formation than the double locking loop, when compared with the double Krackow, the load required to form a 3mm gap was 21.37N greater compared with the 3LP The addition of an epitendinous suture resulted in a twofold greater resistance to gap formation, greater load required before failure and also resulted in suture breakage becoming a source of construct failure, rather than suture pull through alone. This supports previous findings that the suture tissue interaction is the weakest part of the repair, rather than the suture itself negative affect on perfusion and vascularity needs to also be considered.

Answer 6

Randomized, ex vivo, biomechanical. Population: Twenty-two Autologous ATG augmentation as an adjunct to primary GT repair increased yield, peak and failure forces The accessory tendon (AT) formed from the tendinous contributions of the gracilis, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus muscles >> which may be damaged concurrently in cases affected by degenerative disease or laceration injury augment the primary sutured repair include the reported use of tensor fascia lata,17 semitendinosus muscle,7 and flexor digitorum lateralis (FDL) grafts

Answer 7

dog with with no history of lameness. Supraspinatus mineralisation was detected in four out of 99 dogs (4%), unilateral The prevalence of supraspinatus mineralisation was low in this population of non-lame dogs. This low level when compared to the higher prevalence level found in lame dogs, suggests that supraspinatus mineralisation could be associated with lameness in dogs either as an indirect result of lameness or as a primary cause The prevalence of mineralisation of the supraspinatus tendon in lame dogs has been reported as 24.7% (22 out of 89) in one study (Maddox et al. 2013) although it is not clear if the mineralisation was a cause of lameness or a result of the change in biomechanics due to an altered gait. the significant pathology was more often not in the shoulder (52/94 dogs)

Answer 8

Study design: Ex vivo, experimental study. Sample population: Eighty (n = 16/group) canine superficial digital flexor tendons (SDFT). continuous-locking epitendinous pattern Clinical significance: Stratafix barbed suture eliminates the requirement for knot tying and seems to be equivalent to smooth monofilament suture when used as an ES in this pattern. In human surgery of the distal extremities, ES use can increase repair strength by up to 50% and has been shown to decrease repair failures by 84%.

Answer 9

Study design: Ex vivo, biomechanical study. Sample population: Thirty-six Addition of a complete circumferential ES with a single or double knotting technique increased the biomechanical strength of normal tendon repairs while reducing gap formation compared with partial ES placement alone more even force distribution and higher strength vs partial

Answer 10

comparison of epitendinous suture techniques for canine flexor tendon injury repaired with LL, LL + simple continuous ES, LL + Silfverskiöld cross-stitch ES, and LL + interlocking horizontal mattress ES. - epitendinous suture → increased strength and resistance to gap formation - Yield, peak, and failure forces increased by 2.5-fold, two-fold, and twofold, respectively - no difference between patterns - addition of epitendinous suture more important than pattern should be investigated in vivo to address their effect on tendinous healing, blood supply, glide function, and peritendinous adhesion formation prior to clinical implementation.

Answer 11

Study design: Ex vivo biomechanical study. Sample population: Seventy-two cadaveric SDFT 3LP → better gap prevention than locking loop - overall yield force increased significantly by epitendinous suture - LL subjectively → better approximation

Answer 12

fiberloop FiberWire has greater stiffness and strength than comparably sized monofilament nonabsorbable suture.21 Braided multifilament suture Two dogs had major complications that were successfully revised. Follow-up was available in 11 of 12 dogs, with a median time of 12 months Owners scored function (COI) as 96.4% (range, 93.3%–97.8%) and quality of life as 94.6% (range, 92%–98.2%).