Medieval Times

Question 1

2 sources we can use to learn about the Medieval Times

Answer 1

~Ruins of buildings, monasteries and castles
~Works of Art, e.g. Bayeux Tapestry
~Books and letters

Question 2

What system was used to organise medieval society? Explain

Answer 2

Feudal System
~Kings- provided land (fief) for Lords
~Lords- provided Kings with knights for army and gave land to knights
~Knights- provided protection for serfs
~Peasants (serfs)- worked the land for knights

Question 3

What was crop rotation? What are the benefits of this?

Answer 3

Crop rotation was the process of rotating crops to different fields each year to allow them to replenish the nutrients in the soil.

Question 4

3 stages in becoming a medieval knight

Answer 4

~Page: Age 7, sent to live with the family of a lord, learnt to ride a horse and use a sword. He helped the lady, learnt manners and served the lord and lady

~Squire: Age 14, Began to learn to fight on horseback, accompanied lord into battles, took care of his horse and weapons and helped dress the lord

~Knight: Ages 21, swore an oath of chivalry to the lord and the lord knighted him. Lord gave the knight a manor to run

Question 5

Definition of a knight

Answer 5

minor nobles who fought on horseback and swore an oath of chivalry

Question 6

What were the 3 stages to become a master craftsmen?

Answer 6

~Apprentice: Age 12, lived in the workshop of a master craftsmen, recieved no pay and harsh treatment

~Journeyman: Age 19, was allowed to travel for work and experience and received pay

~Master Craftsmen: Eventually applied to be a master craftsmen and had to create a masterpiece, if the masterpiece was accepted by a master craftsmen he could open his own shop

Question 7

What were the 2 types of peasants?

Answer 7

Freemen and serfs

Question 8

Describe a serf’s home

Answer 8

~Small, single room with wattle and daub walls
~Earth floor and thatched roof
~Dark and smoky inside from the fire
~Grew vegetables and kept animals outside
~Animals were kept inside at night for warmth and safety

Question 9

Describe a serf’s clothes

Answer 9

~Men wore tunics and leggings
~Women wore long dresses and a head scarf
~Leather shoes
~Handmade clothes made from wool or linen and dyed with berry juice

Question 10

Describe a serf’s diet

Answer 10

~ate what they could grow
~Bread, cheese and pottage (vegetable and oat soup)
~Drank ale as it was safer than dirty water
~Rarely ate meat, possibly only Christmas and Easter

Question 11

Describe the serf’s entitlements
(i didnt know what to call it leave me alone)

Answer 11

~Worked 6 days a week (free day Sunday)
~Farmed the lords land
~Recieved a plot of land to farm and build on in return
~Could not leave the manor or marry without the lords permission
~Paid taxes to the lord and a tithe to the priest

Question 12

How did a serf become a freeman?

Answer 12

If a serf escaped and stayed free for a year and a day, he became a freeman

Question 13

Describe a freeman’s entitlements

Answer 13

~Pay rent to lord and a tithe to the priest
~Did not have to work the land for free
~Could leave and marry as they wished

Question 14

What was the oath of chivalry?

Answer 14

It was an oath sworn to a lord by a Knight, to be loyal to the lord, protect the poor and weak and to be brave in battle

Question 15

What were the 2 types of castles?

Answer 15

~Motte and Bailey: temporary castle whilst the big one was being built
~Stone castle

Question 16

Describe the features of a stone castle

Answer 16

~Moat: deep ditch filled with water surrounding the castle
~Drawbridge: raised and lowered to control entry to the castle
~Portcullis: Metal grid that could be lowered onto the gate
~Turret & Battlements: On the curtain wall, guarded by knights day and night
~Bailey: Enclosed area where stables, workshops and soldiers lodgings were
~Keep: Main building with the lords apartments, great hall and chapel

Question 17

Why were monasteries important for medieval life?

Answer 17

~Provided education to children
~Provided help with poor and sick
~Offered shelter to travellers
~Copied books in scriptorium

Question 18

List the features in a monastery and what they were

Answer 18

~Church: Where monks prayed
~Refectory: where monks ate
~Dormitory: large room where monks slept
~Cloisters: covered walkways for prayer
~Chapter house: where monks gathered for readings
~Almonry: where almoner gave aid to the poor
~Infirmary: infirmarian looked after the ill
~Hostel: where travellers and beggars were looked after

CCCHIRDA

Question 19

Describe the diet of a lord or lady

Answer 19

~Farm animals or what the lord caught when hunting, e.g. deer, pheasant, rabbit, beef, pork
~Salted, smoked or dried meat and fish to prevent it from going off
~Spices from Asia

Question 20

Describe the clothing of a lord or lady

Answer 20

~Men wore tunics and trousers of fine wool or linen
~Women wore full-length dresses
~Clothes were embroidered or dyed with vivid colours to show a families wealth

Question 21

What was the Black Death?

Answer 21

~Severe and deadly disease that spread through Europe
~Killed over 1/3 of Europe’s population
~Spread by fleas on rats
~Extremely contagious

Question 22

Name the symptoms of the Black Death

Answer 22

~Oozing swellings all over the body
~Darkly discoloured skin
~Lungs filled with phlegm

Question 23

What was the impact of the Black Death

Answer 23

~Doctors questioned their medicinal practices due to the failure of finding a cure. This lead to significant changes in the Renaissance

~Many serfs left their manors to live in towns and replace those who had died

~Serfs could demand better treatment, less taxes and more land from their lords as there were less people to work the land

-More than 1/3 of Europes population dead

Question 24

Describe medicine in the Medieval times

Answer 24

~Based on Ancient Greek writings
~Hippocrates (Father of Medicine) believed the body was made from 4 humours and if a person was sick, it was due to an imbalance between the humours
~4 humours: Blood, yellow bile, black bile and phlegm
~Imbalance of humours were treated by bleeding, cupping, leaching and amputation
~Herbal medicine was common

Question 25

When was the Medieval times?

Answer 25

AD 500 to 1500