MCQ Variants Flashcards
- The basic laboratory parameters for body water balance assessment
include:
Hematocrit, MCV, Na+; Total protein, Albumin
- The lipid profile includes the following laboratory tests:
(1 Punkt)
Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, Glucose, Fibrinogen
Total cholesterol, AST, ALT, LDL-cholesterol
Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL- cholesterol, Triglycerides
Total cholesterol, TSH, FT3, FT4
Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL- cholesterol, Triglycerides
- Which of the following enzymes is INCREASED in PERNICIOUS anemia:
CK
ALP
LDH
ALAT
LDH
- Which of the following parameters is the TUMOR marker of first choice in breast cancer:
CA 15-3
The PROTHROMBIN TIME TEST is used for evaluation of the:
(1 Punkt)
Extrinsic pathway of coagulation
Intrinsic pathway of coagulation
Intrinsic and common pathways
EXTRINSIC pathway of coagulation
- The specimen required for the QUALITATIVE urinanalysis is:
(1 Punkt)
first or second mid-stream morning urine portion
after toilet
diuresis urine
urine collected with catheter
all are correct
first or second mid-stream morning urine portion
Which laboratory tests are indicated in IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA:
CBC, morphology of erythrocytes, serum iron, ferritin, TIBC
CBC, morphology of erythrocytes, serum iron, ferritin, Vit B12
CBC, morphology of erythrocytes, serum iron, folate, TIBC
CBC, morphology of erythrocytes, serum iron, haptoglobin, TIBC
CBC, morphology of erythrocytes, serum iron, ferritin, TIBC
In HEPATOCYTOLYSIS the activity of ASAT and ALAT INCREASES:
(1 Punkt)
10 times or more above the upper reference limit
between 100 and 200 times above the upper reference limit
up to 2 times above the upper reference limit
remains unchanged
10 times or more above the upper reference limit
- Which vitamin deficiency predisposes to HAEMORRHAGIC DIATHESIS
(1 Punkt)
Vit K
Vit C
Vit B12
Vit D
Vit K
- The densitometry narrow-based peak is called:
(1 Punkt)
M-protein
M-gradient
Paraprotein
All are correct
M-gradient
What is the correct sequence of events leading to blood clotting:
(1 Punkt)
Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, coagulation
Platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, coagulation
Vasoconstriction, coagulation, platelet aggregation
Vasoconstriction, fibrinolysis, platelet aggregation
Vasoconstriction, PLATELET AGGREGATION, coagulation
Which of the following does NOT belong to the basic laboratory tests for IRON DEFICIENCY anemia
(1 Punkt)
CBC
Haptoglobin
Morphology of erytrocytes
Reticulocytes
Haptoglobin
- The diagnostic sensitivity of CREATININE can be INCREASED:
(1 Punkt)
with multiple testing
by conducting a Creatinine clearance
with measurement in CSF
with measurement in random urine
by conducting a Creatinine clearance
MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY may cause:
(1 Punkt)
hypocalcaemia and hypokalemia
hyperthyroidism
hypernatremia
hyperosmolalit
HYPOcalcaemia and HYOPkalemia
Proteinuria ABOVE 3.5 g/24h is typical for:
(1 Punkt)
Alport syndrome
Diabetic nephropathy
IgA nephropathy
Nephrotic syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome
- HYPERphosphatemia may be the result of:
(1 Punkt)
primary hyperparathyroidism
kidney failure
malabsorption
rickets
kidney failure
Which of the following statements about OSMOLALITY is true:
(1 Punkt)
Osmolality is the number of osmotically active particles in 1 liter of body water
It is theoretically calculated parameter
Osmolality is the concentration of osmotically active particles in 1 kilogram of body water
Represents the part of the formed elements to the total amount of blood
Osmolality is the concentration of osmotically active particles in 1 kilogram of body water
- Jaundice is also known as:
(1 Punkt)
Icterus
Hemophilia
Anemia
Hypercholesterolemia
Icterus
Which cytochemical analysis helps to differentiate LEUKEMOID REACTION from CML
(1 Punkt)
Nonspecific esterase
Sudan Black
Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase
Periodic acid Schiff
Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase
- INCREASED plasma concentration of D-DIMERS indicates:
(1 Punkt)
intravascular fibrinolysis
intravascular fibrinogenolysis
fibrinogen deficiency
thrombin deficiency
intravascular fibrinolysis
The reference range for TOTAL SERUM BILIRUBIN is:
(1 Punkt)
5.1 - 21 g/l
3.4 - 21 μmol/l;
17 - 34 μmol/l
0.8 - 8.5 μmol/l
3.4 - 21 μmol/l;
The activity of the Granulocyte ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE in LEUKEMOID REACTION is:
(1 Punkt)
in the reference range
significantly increased
significantly reduced
not informative
significantly increased?
- Which of the laboratory tests are indicated for the differential
diagnosis of JAUNDICE:
(1 Punkt)
Total bilirubin, direct bilirubin
ASAT, ALAT, ALP, GGT
All answers are correct
Total bilirubin, direct bilirubin
- Which of the following statements is NOT valid for DIC:
(1 Punkt)
it can result in the formation of blood clots as well as bleeding
it is an inherited disease
it has three phases
it is often associated with an underlying condition
it is an inherited disease
The RDW measures:
(1 Punkt)
the average concentration of hemoglobin in one erytrocyte
the total number of red cells
the average volume of one erytrocyte
the variation of the red cell size
the variation of the red cell size
- Which of the following leukemias is likely to show an EXTREME LEUKOCYTOSIS and THROMBOCYTOSIS
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Acute monoblastic leukemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Chronic myeloid leukemia
Chronic MYELOID leukemia
- Which is the STORAGE protein of Iron:
(1 Punkt)
Transferin
Ceruloplasmin
Ferritin
Haptoglobin
Ferritin
The laboratory result is a function of many factors influencing the FINAL
value:
(1 Punkt)
biological factors
pathological factors
factors in preanalytical stage
pathological, biological, preanalytical, analytical and postanalitical factors
pathological, biological, preanalytical, analytical and postanalitical factors
- The reference limits of the transaminases ASAT and ALAT are respectively:
0 - 200 U/L and 0 - 350 U/L
0 - 49 g/L and 0 - 35 g/L
0 - 49 U/L and 0 - 35 U/L
20 - 75 g/L and 25 - 100 g/L
0 - 49 U/L and 0 - 35 U/L
HYPERcalcaemia may occur in:
(1 Punkt)
primary hyperparathyroidism
rickets
hypoparathyroidism
malabsorption
primary hyperparathyroidism
A typical morphological feature of PERNICIOUS anemia are:
(1 Punkt)
microcytes
normocytes
megalocytes
microspherocytes
megalocytes
MICROALBUMINEMIA is an early marker for:
(1 Punkt)
Acute hepatitis
Chronic hepatitis
Diabetic nephropathy
Hyperparathyroidism
Diabetic nephropathy
What type is the IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA:
(1 Punkt)
Macrocytic, hypochromic
Macrocytic, hyperchromic
Normocytic, normochromic
Microcytic, hypochromic
MICROcytic, HYPOchromic
Mark the ERRONEOUS statement:
(1 Punkt)
PSA may be elevated in benign prostate adenoma*
PSA may increase shortly after prostate resection
PSA is a tumor marker for diagnosis of prostate cancer recurrence
PSA is an absolutely specific tumor marker for prostate tumor malignancy
PSA is an ABSOLUTELY SPECIFIC tumor marker for PROSTATE tumor malignancy
Mark the rule for collection of diuresis urine:
(1 Punkt)
collection after morning toilet
collection the whole urine from the first to the last portion
the first portion is eliminated, the last is collected
mid-stream urine portion
the first portion is eliminated, the last is collected
HYPERcholesterolemia is typical in:
(1 Punkt)
hyperthyroidism
hypothyroidism
hyperparathyroidism
hypoparathyroidism
HYPOthyroidism
Which value defines HIGH atherogenic risk: !
(1 Punkt)
Total cholesterol > 5.0 mmol/L
HDL cholesterol > 1.15 mmol/L
Total cholesterol 6.2 mmol/L
LDL cholesterol > 4.0 mmol/L
6.2 mmol/L
LDL cholesterol > 4.0 mmol/L (says high risk is more than 4.15)
LDL cholesterol > 4.0 mmol/L (says high risk is more than 4.15)
HYPERglycemia is NOT observed in:
(1 Punkt)
Diabetes
Heart attack
Insulinoma
Brain attack
Insulinoma
Which of the following individual proteins is a POSITIVE acute phase
reactant:
(1 Punkt)
Transferrin
Prealbumin
Albumin
C-reactive protein
C-reactive protein
A bone marrow biopsy shows 5% MYELOBLASTS. The most likely
diagnosis is:
(1 Punkt)
Acute myeloid leukemia
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Chronic lymphoblastic leukemia
Chronic myeloid leukemia
CHRONIC MYELOID leukemia
The reference limits of serum K + in adults are:
(1 Punkt)
3.5 - 5.6 mmol/ l
0.77 - 1.36 mmol/ l
2.12 - 2.62 mmol/ l
3.5-5.6 µmol/ l
3.5 - 5.6 mmol/ l
Autoantibodies against PANCREATIC ISLET CELLS (ICA) are laboratory
markers for:
(1 Punkt)
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Gestational diabetes
Diabetes insipidus
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
The earliest laboratory marker of ACUTE MI is:
(1 Punkt)
AST
CK-MB
TnI
LDH
TnI
The FINAL phase of BLOOD CLOTTING includes:
(1 Punkt)
Formation of prothrombin
Formation of fibrin
Activation of factor X
Formation of thrombin
Formation of FIBRIN
The WATER SOLUBLE FRACTION of bilirubin is:
(1 Punkt)
Indirect bilirubin
Total bilirubin
Direct bilirubin
Unfractionated bilirubin
DIRECT bilirubin
Which of the following conditions is an indication for a CALCIUM test:
(1 Punkt)
disorders of the acid-base balance
rickets and osteomalacia
impaired glucose tolerance
atherosclerosis risk assessment
rickets and osteomalacia
- The HbA1c test is NOT applicable in DIABETIC patients with:
(1 Punkt)
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Gestational diabetes
Hemolytic anemia
Gestational diabetes
The results of the PT test are expressed as:
(1 Punkt)
mmol/l
minutes
INR, seconds and activity %
minutes and activity %
INR, seconds and activity %
Jaundice is caused by:
(1 Punkt)
Elevated uric acid in the blood
High hemoglobin in the blood
Increased bilirubin in the blood
Increased potassium in the blood
INCREASED BILIRUBIN in the blood
Which is the TRANSPORT protein of Iron:
(1 Punkt)
Ferritin
Transferin
Hemopexin
Hemosiderin
Transferin
PT is NOT prolonged in:
(1 Punkt)
overdosage of Vit K
factor VII deficiency
factor VIII defiency
liver diseases
factor VIII defiency
Which of the following laboratory parameters is used as a TUMOR
marker:
(1 Punkt)
Alpha fetoprotein
TSH
ASAT
Alkaline phosphatase
Alpha fetoprotein
Which CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITY occurs in CML:
(1 Punkt)
Auer body
Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome
Trisomy of chromosome 21
Deletion of the short arm of chromosome 13
Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome
Which test is used for assessment of the FINAL key phase of COAGULATION:
(1 Punkt)
Thrombin time
APTT
Hemoglobin
Bleeding time
Thrombin time
The expected laboratory constellation in ISOTONIC dehydration is:
(1 Punkt)
Decreased MCV, osmolality in the reference range, increased total protein and
hematocrit
MCV and osmolality in the reference range, increased total protein, increased
hematocrit
MCV in the reference range, high osmolality, increased total protein and hematocrit
MCV and osmolality in the reference range, increased total protein, decreased
hematocrit
MCV and osmolality in the reference range, INCREASED total protein, INCREASED
hematocrit
Which of the following pathological conditions is NOT among the main indications for examination of ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE:
(1 Punkt)
differential diagnosis of jaundice
rickets
bone diseases
prostate cancer
PROSTATE cancer
ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE does NOT increase in:
(1 Punkt)
rickets
megaloblastic anemia
cholelithiasis
osteomyelitis
MEGALOBLASTIC anemia
The ANTIBODIES of the PRIMARY IMMUNE response are:
(1 Punkt)
IgG
IgD
IgA
IgM
IgM
The TOTAL and DIRECT bilirubin are NOT indicators for:
(1 Punkt)
Liver and biliary tract diseases
Hemolytic anemias
Congenital defects of bilirubin secretion
Nephrotic syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome
Which of the following tests has the HIGHEST diagnostic reliability in
HYPERthyroidism?
(1 Punkt)
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Parathyroid hormone
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH)
The lipid profile test is used for:
(1 Punkt)
Evaluation of the glucose tolerance
Coronary risk assessment
Assessment of the liver function
Evaluation of the coagulation status
Coronary risk assessment
Indicate the reference limits for serum Na+ concentration in adults:
(1 Punkt)
136 - 151 mmol/ l
110 - 200 mmol/ l
96 - 110 mmol/ l
136-151 µmol/ l
136 - 151 mmol/ l
Which glycated proteins are used to assess the GLYCEMIA for
preceding period:
(1 Punkt)
Ferritin and transferrin
Haptoglobin and hemosiderin
HbA1c and fructosamine
Hb and ceruloplasmin
HbA1c and fructosamine
Which screening test is used for evaluation of the PLATELET and the
VASCULAR PHASE of hemostasis ?
(1 Punkt)
Bleeding time
aPTT
PT
Thrombin time
Bleeding time
The reference range for HEMOGLOBIN for MALES is:
(1 Punkt)
120-180 g/l
120-160 g/l
120-140 g/l
140-180 g/l
140-180 g/l
Which class of lipoproteins transports EXOGENOUS triglycerides:
(1 Punkt)
VLDL
Chylomicrons
HDL
LDL
Chylomicrons
Which test can be used for control and treatment with DIRECT
anticoagulants (HEPARIN):
(1 Punkt)
APTT
Fibrinogen
Platelets (PLT)
PT
APTT
Which of the following is NOT a cause of MACROCYTIC Anemia:
(1 Punkt)
Lack of intrinsic factor
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Folate deficiency
Iron deficiency
Iron deficiency
Fibrinogen is DECREASED in:
(1 Punkt)
diabetes
pregnancy
liver diseases
inflammation
liver diseases
GGT is located in the:
(1 Punkt)
cell membrane
cytoplasm
mytochondrium
cytoplasm and mytochondrium
cell membrane
ELEVATED serum FERRITIN and LOW TIBC are typical for:
(1 Punkt)
Fe deficiency anemia
Anemia of chronic disease
Megaloblastic anemia
Hemolytic anemia
Anemia of CHRONIC disease
Which of the following may be the cause for DIC:
(1 Punkt)
sepsis
cancer
complication of pregnancy
all of these conditions could lead to DIC
ALL of these conditions could lead to DIC
Reference range for the FASTING blood glucose test is:
(1 Punkt)
3.8 - 6.2 mmol/l
2.8 - 7.8 mmol/l
2.8 - 6.1 mmol/l
2.8 - 6.9 mmol/l
2.8 - 6.1 mmol/l
Which laboratory feature is NOT typical for IRON DEFICIENCY anemia:
(1 Punkt)
decreased serum iron level
decreased serum ferritin level
decreased MCH in red blood cells
decreased total iron-binding capacity
DECREASED TOTAL-IRON binding capacity
HYPERbilirubinemia with predominantly ELEVATED INDIRECT bilirubin is detected in:
(1 Punkt)
Bile obstruction
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Hemolytic anemias
Acute hepatitis
HEMOLYTIC anemias
Which of the following is a CONTRAINDICATION for OGTT:
(1 Punkt)
Gestational diabetes
Fasting blood glucose in the range 6.1-6.9 mmol/l
Patients with retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy
Blood glucose >11,1 mmol/l on the second hour in postprandial glucose test
Blood glucose >11,1 mmol/l on the second hour in postprandial glucose test
- The transaminases ASAT and ALAT have priority organ localization
in:
(1 Punkt)
liver, lung, placenta
liver, muscles, heart
bones, erythrocytes, muscles
heart, prostate, bones
liver, MUSCLES, heart
HYPERkalemia occurs in:
(1 Punkt)
insulin treatment
treatment with diuretics (salidiuretics)
vomiting, diarrhea, massive burns
Massive Burns
massive burns
The DRINKING solution used for the OGTT contains :
(1 Punkt)
75 g of glucose
50 g of glucose
100 g of glucose
65 g of glucose
75 g of glucose
Blood with SODIUM CITRATE is used for:
(1 Punkt)
clinical-chemistry tests
coagulation tests
hematological tests
enzyme tests
COAGULATION tests
One of the most common MISTAKES BEFORE venipuncture is:
(1 Punkt)
conversation with the patient
selection of a vein site without haematoma
applying of a tourniquet for a short time
tapping and massaging of the vein
tapping and massaging of the vein
Which changes are typical for HYPOtonic HYPERhydration:
(1 Punkt)
the water enters the intracellular space, the MCV decreases
the water enters the intracellular space, the MCV increases
water moves to the extracellular space, the MCV increases
water enters the extracellular space, the MCV does not change.
the water enters the INTRACELLULAR space, the MCV INCREASES
Direct hyperbilirubinemia is present in the following cases of jaundice, except of:
(1 Punkt)
Hemolysis
Obstruction of the bile ducts
Drug-induced liver damage
Acute hepatocytolysis
HEMOLYSIS
Screening tests for HEMORRHAGIC DIATHESIS are:
(1 Punkt)
ATIII, HC II
f.VIII
PT, APTT, TT, PLT, fibrinogen
DBC
PT, APTT, TT, PLT, fibrinogen
Laboratory markers for BLOOD CLOTTING ACTIVATION are:
(1 Punkt)
PF 1 + 2, TAT
fibrinogen, PT
platelet count, TT
Protein C, ATIII
PF 1 + 2, TAT
In BENIGN HYPERimmunoglobulinemias:
(1 βαθμός)
the monoclonal protein concentration is > 20 g/ l
the other classes of immunoglobulins are not suppressed
monoclonal proliferation is found in the bone marrow
Bence-Jones protein is detected in the urine
the OTHER CLASSES of immunoglobulins are NOT suppressed
The antibodies of the PRIMARY immune response are:
(1 βαθμός)
IgG
IgD
IgA
IgM
IgM
The INCREASED plasma D-DIMER concentration is a marker for:
(1 βαθμός)
intravascular fibrinolysis
intravascular hemolysis
fibrinogen deficiency
thrombin deficiency
INTRAvascular FIBRINOLYSIS
HIGH atherosclerotic risk is related to the following serum concentration of TOTAL CHOLESTEROL:
(1 βαθμός)
up to 4.0 mmol/l
from 1.71 to 2.28 mmol/l
> 6.5 mmol/l
up to 5.2 mmol/l
> 6.5 mmol/l
Point out the WRONG statement:
(1 βαθμός)
PSA is never elevated in benign prostate adenoma
PSA may increase immediately after prostate resection
PSA is a tumor marker for recurrence of prostate cancer
PSA is a specific tumor marker for prostate tumor malignancy
PSA is NEVER ELEVATED in BENIGN prostate adenoma
ELEVATED serum URIC ACID concentration occurs in:
(1 βαθμός)
gout
xanthinuria
reduced protein intake
overdose of uricosuric drugs
Gout
The tumor marker of first choice in BREAST cancer is:
(1 βαθμός)
СА 19-9
СА 15-3
PSA
β-HCG
СА 15-3
Laboratory tests for CONTINUOUS BLOOD GLUCOSE monitoring include:
(1 βαθμός)
urinary sugar profile test
blood sugar profile test
postprandial test
oral glucose tolerance test
ORAL glucose tolerance test
BLOOD SUGAR Profile Test
The differential blood count (DBC) provides information on:
(1 βαθμός)
the distribution of WBC in %/ absolute number in peripheral blood
maturation forms of RBC in %/ absolute number in peripheral blood
the morphology of RBC in peripheral blood
the distribution of WBC, RBC, PLT in %/ absolute number in peripheral blood
the distribution of WBC in %/ absolute number in peripheral blood
ANURIA means:
(1 βαθμός)
Diuresis 100 ml/ 24h
Diuresis in the range 500 - 100 ml/ 24h
painful urination
Diuresis exceeding 2000 ml/ 24h
Diuresis 100 ml/ 24h
ELEVATED serum ALP activity occurs in:
(1 βαθμός)
heavy physical activity
adolescents and pregnant women
intake of carbohydrate-rich foods
dehydration
adolescents and pregnant women
The diagnostic sensitivity of CREATININE can be INCREASED by:
(1 βαθμός)
multiple Urea testing
measurement of the Creatinine clearance
multiple Creatinine testing
random urine testing
MEASUREMENT of the Creatinine clearance
HYPOkalemia occurs in:
(1 βαθμός)
treatment with insulin
hemolysis
massive burns
transfusion of expired blood
treatment with insulin
Which of the following parameters does NOT indicate CHRONIC liver failure:
(1 βαθμός)
low serum albumin
prolonged prothrombin time
elevated serum bilirubin
elevated serum acid phosphatase activity
ELEVATED serum acid PHOSPHATASE activity
Which of the following tests has the HIGHEST diagnostic RELIABILITY in HYPERthyroidism:
(1 βαθμός)
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Parathyroid hormone
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH)
MEGALOBLASTIC anemias are characterized by:
(1 βαθμός)
bone marrow with erythroblastic microforms
“blue bone marrow”
bone marrow with hypochromic erythroblasts
there are no characteristic changes in the bone marrow
“BLUE bone marrow”
PROTEINURIA is estimated by measurement of:
(1 βαθμός)
150 mg/24h in diuresis
100 mg/24h in diuresis
130 mg/24h in diuresis
50 mg/24h in diuresis
150 mg/24h in diuresis
Which of the following lab parameters does NOT reflect the FIRST PHASE of the DIC:
(1 βαθμός)
PF1+2, TAT, FPA, FM
аРТТ, TT
platelet count
differential blood count
differential blood count
The rule for collecting diuresis urine is:
(1 βαθμός)
midstream urine after toilette the genitalia
the first portion is discarded, the last is collected
the whole quantity from the first to the last portion is collected
urine is collected until the vessel is full
the first portion is DISCARDED, the last is COLLECTED
The LEVEL of TIBC is a direct indicator for the amount of:
(1 βαθμός)
ferritin
transferrin
reserve Fe
hemosiderin
transferrin
Serum TRANSFERRIN is REDUCED in INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES because:
(1 βαθμός)
anemia develops during infection
the transport of the iron is disrupted
it is a “negative” reactant of the acute phase
of gut inflammation
it is a “NEGATIVE” reactant of the acute phase
The OSMOLARITY is calculated on the basis of the concentration of the following analytes:
(1 βαθμός)
urea, glucose and sodium
glucose, sodium and potassium
chloride, sodium and potassium
urea, creatinine and sodium
Urea, Glucose and Sodium
Possible causes for HEMORRHAGIC DIATHESIS are:
(1 βαθμός)
DECREASED count or IMPAIRED function of PLATELETS
VASCULAR disorders
disorders affecting PLASMA COAGULATION FACTORS and FIBRINOLYSIS
all listed
ALL LISTED
HYPERglycemia is NOT observed in:
(1 βαθμός)
diabetes mellitus
myocardial infarction
insulinoma
CNS damage
insulinoma
ACUTE HEPATOCYTOLYSIS causes INCREASED ACTIVITY MORE than 10 times of:
(1 βαθμός)
ASAT and ALAT
ALP and ACP
ALP and GGT
LDH and ACP
ASAT and ALAT
Which of the following is a CONTRAINDICATION for conducting OGTT:
(1 βαθμός)
serum glucose concentration two hours after feeding above 11.1 mmol / l
borderline elevated fasting glucose levels
evaluation of patients with unexplained retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy
diagnosis of gestational diabetes
serum glucose concentration 2 hours AFTER feeding ABOVE 11.1 mmol / l
Serum ACID PHOSPHATASE activity is INCREASED in:
(1 βαθμός)
stroke
acute appendicitis
myocardial infarction
prostate cancer
prostate cancer
ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE is a lab parameter for:
(1 βαθμός)
muscle damage
kidney disorders
pregnancy
rickets
muscle damage
What are expected levels of Iron and TIBC in IRON DEFICIENCY anemia:
(1 βαθμός)
decreased Iron, increased TIBC
decreased Iron, decreased TIBC
increased Iron, decreased TIBC
increased Iron, increased TIBC
DECREASED Iron, INCREASED TIBC
Laboratory markers for ACTIVATING BLOOD CLOTTING are:
(1 βαθμός)
PF1+2, ТАТ
fibrinogen
platelet count
PrC/S, ATIII
PF1+2, ТАТ
Which parameter has the HIGHEST diagnostic value in HYPERthyroidism:
(1 βαθμός)
thyroid-stimulating hormone
follicle-stimulating hormone
parathyroid hormone
thyrotropin releasing hormone
THYROID-stimulating hormone
In granulocyte LEUKEMOID REACTION, the activity of granulocyte ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE is:
(1 βαθμός)
not changed
greatly increased
greatly reduced
depends on the number of the lymphocytes
greatly increased
Flow cytometric analysis allows:
(1 βαθμός)
immunophenotyping of leukemic blasts
microchemical analysis of cellular constituents
evaluation of erythrocytes by volume
evaluation of the synthesis of hemoglobin polypeptide chains
immunophenotyping of leukemic blasts
In CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA, the ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE is:
(1 βαθμός)
not changed
greatly reduced
greatly increased
functionally active
Greatly REDUCED
HYPERbilirubinemia with a PREDOMINANT INCREASE in UNconjugated bilirubin is found in:
(1 βαθμός)
bile duct obstruction
primary biliary cirrhosis
hemolytic anemias
acute hepatitis
HEMOLYTIC anemias
MICROALBUMINURIA is a laboratory marker for:
(1 βαθμός)
assessment of type II diabetes mellitus
assessment of the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy
assessment of type I diabetes mellitus
assessment of the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy
assessment of the risk of developing diabetic NEPHROPATHY
Which enzyme has INCREASED activity in PERNICIOUS anemia:
(1 βαθμός)
CK
ALP
LDH
ALT
LDH
Morphological substrate of ACUTE LEUKEMIAS are:
(1 βαθμός)
atypical leukemic cells
erythropoietic stem cells
Philadelphia chromosome
hairy lymphocytes
ATYPICAL leukemic cells
Which COAGULATION FACTOR are involved in the INTRINSIC pathway?
(1 βαθμός)
factors XII, XI, IX, VIII
factors III, VII
factors V, X, I, II, XIII
none of the above is correct
factors XII, XI, IX, VIII
Which statement is NOT valid for DIC:
(1 βαθμός)
hereditary disease
characterized by diffuse intravascular thrombosis and secondary
hemorrhagic diathesis
can lead to multiple organ failure
takes place in three phases
hereditary disease
The EARLIEST laboratory indicator of ACUTE MI is:
(1 βαθμός)
AST
CK-MB
Troponin I
LDH
Troponin I
SMUDGE CELLS (Gumprecht shadows) in a PERIPHERAL blood smear are specific for:
(1 βαθμός)
chronic myelogenous leukemia
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
acute lymphoblastic leukemia
erythroleukemia
CHRONIC LYMPOcytic leukemia
What is NON-Selective PROTEINURIA:
(1 βαθμός)
detection of high molecular weight proteins in the urine
presence of Bence-Jones protein in the urine
detection of low molecular weight proteins in the urine
presence of lipids in the urine
detection of LOW molecular weight proteins in the urine
Typical morphological feature of PERNICIOUS anemia are:
(1 βαθμός)
megalocytes
microcytes
microspherocytes
echinocytes
MEGALOcytes
Indicate the reference limits for IONIZED CALCIUM in ADULTS:
(1 βαθμός)
2,12 - 2,62 mmol/L
2,8 - 6,1 mmol/L
1,16 - 1, 32 mmol/L
1,5 - 3,2 nmol/L
1,16 - 1, 32 mmol/L
Which types of serum bilirubin are ELVEATED in CHOLESTASIS:
(1 βαθμός)
direct bilirubin and total bilirubin
indirect bilirubin and total bilirubin
both direct and indirect bilirubin
total bilirubin and urobilinogen
DIRECT bilirubin and TOTAL bilirubin
The evaluation of serum FERRITIN is an indicator for the amount of:
(1 βαθμός)
functional Fe
transferrin
reserve Fe
hemosiderin
RESERVE Fe
The ELEVATED concentration of Ig E is due to:
(1 βαθμός)
plasmocytoma
primary biliary cirrhosis
allergies and parasitic diseases
intrauterine infections
allergies and parasitic diseases
How many grams of glucose dissolved in WATER should the patient take for OGTT:
75g
EXTENDED laboratory tests for HEMOLYTIC Anemia include:
(1 βαθμός)
osmotic resistance of erythrocytes, haptoglobin, bilirubin
immunoelectrophoresis, ceruloplasmin, ferritin
transferrin, ferritin, total protein
morphology of cells in the bone marrow
transferrin, ferritin, total protein
The serum is:
(1 βαθμός)
the liquid phase of blood taken without anticoagulant and does not include fibrinogen
the liquid phase of blood taken with an anticoagulant and does not include fibrinogen
the liquid phase of blood taken without anticoagulant and includes fibrinogen
the liquid phase of blood taken with an anticoagulant and includes fibrinogen
the liquid phase of blood taken WITHOUT ANTICOAGULANT and does NOT include FIBRINOGEN
In monoclonal gammopathy is observed:
(1 βαθμός)
a sharp peak in the field of gamma globulins (M-gradient)
overproduction of all classes of immunoglobulins
in hypoproteinemia
none of the above
a sharp peak in the field of gamma globulins (M-gradient)
Which of the following individual proteins are POSITIVE reactants of the ACUTE phase:
(1 βαθμός)
prealbumin, albumin
transferrin, albumin
thromboplastin, kallikrein
fibrinogen, CRP
fibrinogen, CRP
Factors CAUSING clot formation are called:
(1 βαθμός)
profibrinolytics
procoagulants
anticoagulants
antifibrinolytics
PROcoagulants
Which lab parameter is NOT included in the main panel of the DIC:
(1 βαθμός)
hemoglobin
platelet count
fibrinogen
aPTT
hemoglobin
IRON DEFICIENCY anemia is characterized with:
(1 βαθμός)
microcytosis
macrocytosis
microspherocytosis
megalocytosis
MICROcytosis
What specimen is used for determination of THYROID hormones?
(1 βαθμός)
whole blood
serum without hemolysis and lipemia
cerebrospinal fluid
citrate plasma without hemolysis and lipemia
serum WITHOUT hemolysis and lipemia
C-PEPTIDE is a laboratory marker for:
(1 βαθμός)
assessment of the insulin secretion in type I diabetes
tumor marker
hormone regulating calcium homeostasis
diabetes insipidus
assessment of the insulin secretion in TYPE 1 diabetes
Which of the following conditions is an indication for serum CALCIUM testing:
(1 βαθμός)
impaired acid-base balance
rickets and osteomalacia
impaired glucose tolerance
atherogenic risk assessment
rickets and osteomalacia
QUANTITATIVE determination of TOTAL CALCIUM, TOTAL PHOSPHATE and TOTAL MAGNESIUM is performed in:
(1 βαθμός)
serum and diuresis (D24)
serum and random urine
citrated plasma and diuresis (D24)
citrated plasma and random urine
SERUM and DIURERSIS (D24)
Which ENZYMES are markers for CHOLESTASIS:
(1 βαθμός)
ALP and GGT
CHE and amylase
lipase and amylase
ALP and ACP
ALP and GGT
Which of the following changes is NOT characteristic for the NEPHROTIC syndrome?
(1 βαθμός)
proteinuria above 5g/ 24h
bilirubinuria
peripheral edema
hypoalbuminemia
bilirubinuria
THALASSEMIA syndromes are due to:
(1 βαθμός)
decreased hemoglobin synthesis
imbalance between the synthesized polypeptide chains of Hb
iron deficiency
excessive intake of vitamin B12
IMBALANCE between the synthesized POLYPEPTIDE chains of Hb
BENCE-JONES PROTEINURIA is observed in cases of:
(1 βαθμός)
monoclonal gammopathy
pyelonephritis
glomerulonephritis
nephrotic syndrome
monoclonal gammopathy
Which lab parameter is the EARLIEST indicator of MI:
(1 βαθμός)
CK-MB
CK
HBDH
CK-BB
CK-MB
SODIUM is DECREASED and MCV is INCREASED at:
(1 βαθμός)
hypertonic dehydration
hypotonic hyperhydration
isotonic dehydration
hypertonic hyperhydration
HYPOtonic HYPERhydration
The main laboratory parameters for assessment of water-electrolyte balance are:
(1 βαθμός)
Hematocrit, MCV, Na+ Total Protein, Albumin
RBC, glucose, Na+, Albumin
Albumin, Hematocrit, Urea, Creatinine
RBC, Na+, Glucose, Cholesterol
Hematocrit, MCV, Na+ Total Protein, Albumin
Which of the following laboratory features is typical for CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA:
(1 βαθμός)
Left shift to Myeloblast
increased D-dimers
Leucopenia
absolute lymphocytosis
LEFT shift to MYELOBLAST
Drinking coffee and smoking a cigarette BEFORE taking blood for testing is an example of:
(1 βαθμός)
a constant lab results variation
long-term lab results variation
short-term lab results variation
circadian lab results variation
SHORT-TERM lab results variation
Factor IX deficiency causes:
(1 βαθμός)
hemophilia A
hemophilia B
hemophilia C
congenital immune deficiency
hemophilia B
LOW serum activity of which ENZYME has clinical significance:
(1 βαθμός)
CK
LDH
ALP
CHE
CHE
HYPOnatremia occurs in:
(1 βαθμός)
renal retention of water and Na +, the water retention exceeding that of Na +
renal loss of water and Na +, with water loss exceeding that of Na +
increased intake of Na +
all are true
renal RETENTION of water and Na +, the water RETENTION EXCEEDING that of Na +
HYPERtriglyceridemia is a risk factor for:
(1 βαθμός)
chronic renal failure
nephrolithiasis
pancreatitis
anemia
pancreatitis
Indicate the reference limits of serum Na+ concentration in ADULTS:
(1 βαθμός)
136 - 151 mmol/l
110-200 mmol/l
96-110 mmol/l
2.4 - 7.1 µmol/l
136 - 151 mmol/l
MYOGLOBIN as a lab marker for:
(1 βαθμός)
acute myocardial infarction
hepatitis
malignancies
control of the anticoagulant therapy
ACUTE myocardial infarction
The therapeutic range of INR in treatment with VITAMIN K ANTAGONISTS is:
(1 βαθμός)
1.0 - 2.0
2.0 - 6.0
2.0 - 4.0
0.7 - 1.2
2.0 - 4.0
Which of the ENZYMES is used as a TUMOR marker:
(1 βαθμός)
LDH
AST
ALT
CHE
LDH
aPTT is used for evaluation of:
(1 βαθμός)
the deficiency of f. VII
the treatment with Vit K antagonists
the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation
fibrinolysis
the INTRINSIC pathway of the COAGULATION
CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY measurement provides information on:
(1 βαθμός)
the synthetic function of the liver
bilirubin metabolism
excretory function of the liver
detoxification function of the liver
the SYNTHETIC FUNCTION of the LIVER
Calculating the ratio between URINE and SERUM OSMOLALITY is useful for:
(1 βαθμός)
assessment of homeostasis function of the kidneys
assessment of cellular and humoral immunity
assessment of hematuria
quantitative assessment of urine sediment
assessment of HOMEOSTASIS FUNCTION of the KIDNEYS
The HEMOGLOBIN reference limits for women are:
(1 βαθμός)
120-180 g/l
120-160 g/l
120-140 g/l
140-180 g/l
120-160 g/l
What is the specimen for evaluation of HEMOSTASIS parameters:
(1 βαθμός)
venous blood with anticoagulant heparin
venous blood with anticoagulant EDTA
venous blood with anticoagulant sodium citrate
capillary blood with anticoagulant sodium fluoride
VENOUS blood with anticoagulant SODIUM CITRATE
Serum ACID PHOSPHATASE activity is increased in:
(1 Point)
stroke
acute appendicitis
myocardial infarction
prostate cancer
prostate cancer
Which of the following lab parameters does NOT reflect the FIRST PHASE
of the DIC:
(1 Point)
PF1+2, TAT, FPA, FM
аРТТ, TT
platelet count
differential blood count
DIFFERENTIAL blood count
Which of the following parameters does NOT indicate CHRONIC LIVER FAILURE:
(1 Point)
low serum albumin
prolonged prothrombin time
elevated serum bilirubin
elevated serum acid phosphatase activity
ELEVATED serum ACID PHOSPHATASE activity
PROTEINURIA is estimated by measurement of:
(1 Point)
> 150 mg/24h in diuresis
100 mg/24h in diuresis
< 130 mg/24h in diuresis
50 mg/24h in diuresis
> 150 mg/24h in diuresis
What specimen is used for determination of thyroid hormones?
(1 Point)
whole blood
serum without hemolysis and lipemia
cerebrospinal fluid
citrate plasma without hemolysis and lipemia
serum WITHOUT HEMOLYSIS and LIPEMIA
The WATER SOLUBLE FRACTION of bilirubin is:
(1 Point)
Indirect bilirubin
Total bilirubin
Direct bilirubin
Unfractionated bilirubin
DIRECT bilirubin
DIRECT HYPERbilirubinemia is present in the following cases of JAUNDICE, EXCEPT OF:
(1 Point)
Hemolysis
Obstruction of the bile ducts
Drug-induced liver damage
Acute hepatocytolysis
Hemolysis
DBC in MEGALOBLASTIC anemia shows the following characteristics EXCEPT
a. Megakaryocytes
b. Howell-Jolie bodies
c. Increased reticulocytes
d. Hypersegmented neutrophils
c. INCREASED reticulocytes
The reference limits of the transaminases ASAT and ALAT are respectively:
(1 Point)
0 - 200 U/L and 0 - 350 U/L
0 - 49 g/L and 0 - 35 g/L
0 - 49 U/L and 0 - 35 U/L
20 - 75 g/L and 25 - 100 g/L
0 - 49 U/L and 0 - 35 U/L
Blood with SODIUM CITRATE is used for:
(1 Point)
clinical-chemistry tests
coagulation tests
hematological tests
enzyme tests
COAGULATION tests
Which is the STORAGE protein of Iron:
(1 Point)
Transferin
Ceruloplasmin
Ferritin
Haptoglobin
Ferritin
Fibrinogen is DECREASED in:
(1 Point)
diabetes
pregnancy
liver diseases
inflammation
LIVER diseases
The reference range for TOTAL serum BILIRUBIN is:
(1 Point)
5.1 - 21 g/l
3.4 - 21 μmol/l
17 - 34 μmol/l
0.8 - 8.5 μmol/l
3.4 - 21 μmol/l
The TOTAL and DIRECT BILIRUBIN are NOT indicators for:
(1 Point)
Liver and biliary tract diseases
Hemolytic anemias
Congenital defects of bilirubin secretion
Nephrotic syndrome
NEPHROTIC syndrome
ELEVATED serum FERRITIN and LOW TIBC are typical for:
(1 Point)
Fe deficiency anemia
Anemia of chronic disease
Megaloblastic anemia
Hemolytic anemia
ANEMIA of CHRONIC disease
A typical morphological feature of PERNICIOUS anemia are:
(1 Point)
microcytes
normocytes
megalocytes
microspherocytes
MEGALOcytes
Which value defines HIGH ATHEROGENIC risk:
(1 Point)
Total cholesterol > 5.0 mmol/L
HDL cholesterol > 1.15 mmol/L
Total cholesterol < 6.2 mmol/L
LDL cholesterol > 4.0 mmol/L
LDL cholesterol > 4.0 mmol/L
PROTEINURIA ABOVE 3.5 g/24h is typical for:
(1 Point)
Alport syndrome
Diabetic nephropathy
IgA nephropathy
Nephrotic syndrome
NEPHROTIC Syndrome
HYPERcholesterolemia is typical in:
(1 Point)
hyperthyroidism
hypothyroidism
hyperparathyroidism
hypoparathyroidism
HYPOthyroidism
Which of the following is NOT a cause of MACROCYTIC Anemia:
(1 Point)
Lack of intrinsic factor
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Folate deficiency
Iron deficiency
IRON deficiency
Which of the following does NOT belong to the basic laboratory tests for IRON DEFICIENCY anemia
(1 Point)
CBC
Haptoglobin
Morphology of erytrocytes
Reticulocytes
HAPTOglobin
The HbA1c test is NOT applicable in DIABETIC patients with:
(1 Point)
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Gestational diabetes
Hemolytic anemia
HEMOLYTIC anemia
Which changes are typical for HYPOonic HYPERhydration:
(1 Point)
the water enters the intracellular space, the MCV decreases
the water enters the intracellular space, the MCV increases
water moves to the extracellular space, the MCV increases
water enters the extracellular space, the MCV does not change.
the water enters the INTRAcellular space, the MCV INCREASES
The expected laboratory constellation in ISOtonic DEhydration is:
(1 Point)
Decreased MCV, osmolality in the reference range, increased total protein and hematocrit
MCV and osmolality in the reference range, increased total protein, increased hematocrit
MCV in the reference range, high osmolality, increased total protein and hematocrit
MCV and osmolality in the reference range, increased total protein, decreased hematocrit
MCV and OSMOLALITY in the reference range, INCREASED total Protein, INCREASED Hematocrit
Which laboratory feature is NOT typical for IRON DEFICIENCY anemia:
(1 Point)
decreased serum iron level
decreased serum ferritin level
decreased MCH in red blood cells
decreased total iron-binding capacity
Decreased TOTAL-IRON BINDING CAPACITY
Which VITAMIN DEFICIENCY predisposes to HAEMORRHAGIC DIATHESIS
(1 Point)
Vit K
Vit C
Vit B12
Vit D
Vitamin K
Which of the following leukemias is likely to show an EXTREME LEUKOCYTSIS and THROMBOCYTOSIS
(1 Point)
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Acute monoblastic leukemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Chronic myeloid leukemia
CHRONICC MYELOID Leukemia
MICROALBUMINURIA is an early marker for:
(1 Point)
Acute hepatitis
Chronic hepatitis
Diabetic nephropathy
Hyperparathyroidism
Diabetic NEPHROPATHY
PT is NOT prolonged in:
(1 Point)
overdosage of Vit K
factor VII deficiency
factor VIII defiency
liver diseases
factor VIII deficiency
Hemolysis
the rupture or destruction of red blood cells
Lipemia
the presence in the blood of an ABNORMALLY HIGH concentration of EMULSIFIED FAT.
FATTY
serum, WHITE serum PRESENCE
Which of the following criteria is VALID FOR REJECTION of a specimen as INVALID?
IMPROPER collection tube was used,
sample HEMOLIZED, LIPEMIC, or ICTERIC,
ANTICOAGULATED
blood clotted
sample IMPROPERLY transported
What kind of BIOLOGICAL material do we use for CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY analyses:
Serum
PLASMA with anticoagulant SODIUM CITRATE is used for:
COAGULATION Test
What BIOLOGICAL material does NOT contain FIBRINOGEN?
Serum
Which are the BIOLOGICAL factors with PERMANENT activity of the variation of results
Sex / Race
The RELIABLE laboratory results are:
Is a REAL evaluation of the ACTUAL value of the examined parameters in BIOLOGICAL fluids and
TISSUES and it presents USEFUL information
Which of the following is NOT VALID when a BIOLOGICAL materials is taken for testing:
The METHOD for this test to be SELECTED correctly
Put in the CORRECT ORDER for BLOOD COLLECTION tubes:
Haemoculture
Serum tube
Sodium citrate
ESR
Li heparin
EDTA
Mark the INCORRECT answer
In collecting 24 hour specimens the FIRST morning specimen is to be ADDED to the container
The EXTRINSIC pathway of coagulation is ACTIVATED by
TISSUE Factor
Factors that AFFECT the lysis of a clot
ANTI-FIBROlytics
Which test can be used for CONTROL and treatment with DIRECT anticoagulants (HEPARIN)
APTT
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a result of:
LOW or MISSING level of INSULIN in the blood
In which type of diabetes the 2 hours postprandial test has HIGHER Diagnostic Sensitivity
THAN the Measurement of glucose at FASTING?
Type 2
HbA1c is used as a test for blood glucose concentration for past PERIOD of :
8 - 10 Weeks
Fibrinolysis
A COMPLEX of processes, which ENHANCES the LYSIS of the clot
CAPILLARY blood is used for:
BLOOD GLUCOSE Levels
Serum
LIQUID, NON-Cellular Portion of CLOTTED Blood
In VIRAL Hepatitis, what can be found in the urine
Bilirubin POSITIVE, Urobilinogen INCREASED
The enzyme AMYLASE is PRODUCED from
Pancreas
What is the EFFECT of SOMATOTROPIN hormone of GLUCOSE blood levels?
INCREASES Blood GLUCOSE Levels
FRUCTOSAMINE reference values are:
> 350 mmol/l
When in HEALTHY individuals there is a HIGHER activity of MM-CK?
PHYSICAL Activity
The LYSIS of blood GLUCOSE is called
GlycoLYSIS
What is the FUNCTION of LDH enzymes
CATALYSE the CONVERSION of PYRUVATE-LACTATE
The CK activity must NOT be investigated AFTER :
Surgical intervention
Injection
Palpation of the granulate prostate
X-ray
X-ray
Coagulation factors that OBSTRUCT the clot lyses
antifibrinolytics
Profibrinolysis
Procoagulants
Anticoagulants
ANTI-FIBRINOlytics
CREATINE KINASE (CK) is
Transferase
Kinase
Oxydoreductase
Hydrolase
Transferase
Investigation of ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE is informative for
Transportation of amino groupies between alpha amino and alpha keto acid
Catalase transport of macroenergy phosphates
Catalase conversion pyruvate-lactate
Hydrolyse phosphate esters
HYDROLYSE Phosphate ESTERS
In the serum of a NEWBORN there are:
igA, igM, igG
IgM, IgG
igA, igM
igA, IgG
igA, igM, igG
Blood UREA is FINAL product of:
Metabolism of purine bases
Metabolism of amino acids
Metabolism of carbohydrates
Metabolism of lipids
Metabolism of AMINO ACIDS
What do you expect to be the iron and FIBC in IRON DEFICIENT anemia
Decreased iron, increased FIBC
Decreased iron, decreased FIBC
Increased iron, decreased FIBC
Increased iron, increased FIBC
DECREASED Iron, INCREASED FIBC
DYSPROTEINAEMIA is used to indicate
Hypoproteinemia
Disturbed ratio of protein fraction in electrophoresis
Euproteinemia
Hypoproteinemia
DISTUBED Ratio of PROTEIN fraction in ELECTROPHORESIS
Which of the following laboratory parameters has BETTER diagnostic reliability in evaluation
of RENAL function
Urea
Uric acid
Creatinine
Total protein
Creatinine
The CLINICAL RELIABILITY of laboratory results requires
High clinical and analytic reliability
Variety of factors influencing the final value
Correct interpretation of laboratory parameters
Specific requirements for Laboratory analysis
HIGH Clinical and Analytic reliability
Which of the following hormones take part in the GROUP of INSULIN
Adrenaline
Progesterone
Aldosterone
Parathormone
Progesterone
FRUCTOSAMINE is used as a test for blood GLUCOSE concentration for past period of:
20 days
8-10 weeks
1 week
6 month
20 days
In which of the following methods is used for QUALITATIVE investigation
Immunoelectrophoretic
Enzyme methods
Electrophoresis
Immunochemical methods
ELECTROphoresis
In HYPERtonic DEhydration the values of Na and MCV must be as follows
increased Na, decreased MCV
Decreased Na, increased MCV
Decreased Na, decreased MCV
Increased Na, increased MCV
INCREASED Na, DECREASED MCV
What kind of test is LDH and HBDH in the ACUTE MI
Early
Earliest
Late
Retrograde
EARLY
In which organ there is GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS
Central nervous system
Muscles
Erythrocytes
Pancreas
Muscles
Which of the following values of blood GLUCOSE are in the PATHOLOGICAL range in the
POSTPRANDIAL test:
Less that 7.7mmol/L
7.78-9.99mmol/L
More than 10.00 mmol/L
2.78-5.55 mmol/L
More than 10.00 mmol/L
In what cases in HEALTHY individuals the activity of ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE (ALP) is over 1000
U/l:
Physical activity
Postprandial
In stress
Children
Children
Blood with EDTA ANTICOAGULANT is used for the investigation for
Clinical chemistry parameters
Coagulation parameters
Hematological parameters
Heavy metals
HEMATOLOGICAL parameters
Which of the following screening tests shows the DISTURBANCE in EXTRINSIC pathway of the
FIRST PHASE of COAGULATION:
PT
In which values of GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE test is NOT DISTURBED:
a) at fasting, at 60 minutes, at 120 minutes are in the
reference range
b) at fasting is in the reference range, at 60 minutes-in
pathological range, at 120 minutes-boundary range
c) at 60 minutes and at 120 minutes >11.1 mmol/I
d) at 60 minutes <8.9 mmol/I, at 120 minutes <7.7 mmol/I
d) at 60 minutes <8.9 mmol/I, at 120 minutes <7.7 mmol/I
What kind of BIOLOGICAL material is used for CLINICAL CHEMISTRY analyses?
(1 Point)
EDTA plasma
serum
plasma with sodium citrate
whole blood
Serum
In which of the following conditions the concentration of serum Fe is HIGH?
(1 Point)
malabsorption syndrome
pregnancy
nephrotic syndrome
hemochromatosis
Hemochromatosis
What is OLIGURIA?
(1 Point)
1000-2000 ml/24h urine output
100-500 ml/24h urine output
> 2000 ml/24h urine output
<100 ml/24h urine output
100-500 ml/24h urine output
Which is the biologically ACTIVE FORM of CALCIUM in the blood circulation?
Ceruloplasmin
ionized and protein bound Ca
protein bound Ca
ionized Ca
IONIZED Ca
Patient with DIABETES MELLITUS has Urine WITH?
(1 Point)
INCREASED Volume
INCREASED Specific Gravity
A 17-year-old girl decided to go on a STARVATION diet. After 1 week of starving
herself, what substance would most likely be found in her URINE?
(1 Point)
Protein
Ketones
Glucose
Blood
KETONES
What kind of BIOLOGICAL material is used for COAGULATION Parameters?
(1 Point)
whole blood
plasma with sodium citrate
serum
EDTA plasma
PLASMA with SODIUM CITRATE
In ACIDOSIS the level of iСа2+ is?
(1 Point)
decreased
increased
not changed
INCREASED
The TRANSPORT Protein for Ca2+ in PLASMA is?
(1 Point)
apoprotein
albumin
trasferrin
ceruloplasmin
Albumin
What is the PATHOLOGICAL finding in the URINE in ACUTE Hepatitis?
(1 Point)
urobilinogen (+), bilirubin (+)
urobilinogen (-), bilirubin (+)
urobilinogen increased, bilirubin (+)
urobilinogen not increased, bilirubin (+)
Urobilinogen INCREASED
Bilirubin (+)
HYPSOSIDEREMIA is observed in?
(1 Point)
frequent blood transfusions
hemolytic anemias
pregnancy
hemochromatosis
Pregnancy
In which of the following conditions there is HYPER-Phosphatemia?
(1 Point)
malabsorption syndrome
treatment with corticosteroids
hypoparathyroidism
hyperparathyroidism
HYPO-Parathyroidism
Which of the following does NOT result in HAEMATURIA?
(1 Point)
glomerulonephritis
Renal trauma
Renal calculus
Rhabdomyolysis
RHABDOMYOLYSIS
Which of the following is a YOUNG FORM of PLATELETS?
. Single choice.
(1 Point)
proerythroblast
band cell
monoblast
megakaryoblast
MEGAKARYOblast
Which parameters are included in the COMPLETE blood count (CBC) test
. Single choice.
(1 Point)
RBC, WBC, PLT, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW and ESR
RBC, WBC, PLT, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC and Differential blood count
RBC, WBC, PLT, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW
ESR and Differential count
RBC, WBC, PLT, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW
CYTOCHEMICAL Analysis is:
. Single choice.
(1 Point)
Determination of routine clinical-chemistry parameters in the blood
Microscopic examination of cell chemical components by selective staining for specific substrates and / or enzymes
Clinical-chemistry analysis of the chemical composition and activity of the cells
Microscopic examination of the cell morphology in blood or bone marrow
MICROSCOPIC examination of cell CHEMICAL components by SELECTIVE STAINING for SPECIFIC substrates and / or enzymes
Flowcytometry is NOT:
. Single choice.
(1 Point)
An effective laser method for analyzing the structural and functional characteristics of blood cells.
Method for the quantitative measurement of specific antigen marker expressed on and in blood cells
Method for immunophenotypic characterization of blast cells.
method for staining of blood cells
Method for the QUANTITATIVE measurement of SPECIFIC ANTIGEN marker expressed on and in blood cells
For CHRONIC Granulocytic Lekuemia, differential blood count resembles:
. Single choice.
(1 Point)
thrombellogram
myelogram
densitogram
ionogram
Myelogram
The LARGEEST cells in the blood that LEAVE the bloodstream to become MACROPHAGES are:
. Single choice.
(1 Point)
eosinophils
monocytes
basophils
neutrophils
MONOcytes
Main MORPHOLOGICAL SUBSTRATE of ACUTE Leukemias are:
. Single choice.
(1 Point)
The youngest maturation forms of granulopoesis
Atypical blasts cells (parablasts)
Plasmoblasts
Basophils
The YOUNGEST MAUTRATION forms of GRANULOPOESIS
Which of the cells does NOT develop FROM a MYELOBLAST?
. Single choice.
(1 Point)
basophil
monocyte
eosinophil
lymphocyte
LYMPHOcyte
55-year-old male comes to the Emergency with a TEMPERATURE of 39 °C.
His lab findings are:
WBC 44.8
G/L
Hb 115 g/L
PLT 305 G/L
GAP (granulocyte alkaline phosphatase) 210 Units;
DBC:
7% myelocytes
5% metamyelocytes, 39% bands
41% segs
3% monocytes
4% lymphocytes
1% eosinophils
0% basophils.
. Single choice.
(2 Points)
CML
ALL
Leukocytosis with left shift
Leukemoid reaction
ALL!
A 53-year-old male had noticed the onset of EASY FATIGABILITY and BRUISING.
His CBC and subsequent BONE MARROW exam were ABNORMAL.
Lab data:
WBC 78.0 G/L
Hb 73 g/L
PLT 59 G/L.
DBC - Hiatus leucaemicus.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
. Single choice.
(2 Points)
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Chronic granulocytic luekemia
Acute leukemia
Leukemoid reaction
ACUTE Leukemia
The type of WBCs that often ARRIVES FIRST at the site of infection, is a GRANULOCYTE called:
. Single choice.
(1 Point)
basophil
eosinophil
neutrophil
monocyte
NEUTROphil
A person with EOSINOPHILLIA is most likely SUFFERING from:
. Single choice.
(1 Point)
allergy or parasitic infection
anemia
autoimmune disease
diabetes
ALLERGY or PARASITIC Infection
How do erythrocyte indices (MCV, MCH) change in PERNICIOUS anemia?
. Single choice.
(1 Point)
decrease
increase
do not change
INCREASE
A HIGH RETICULOCYTE Count in the blood could indicate that there is a SLOW PRODUCTION of ERYTHROCYTES from
the BONE MARROW
. Single choice.
(1 Point)
True
False
TRUE
THROMBOCYTOPENIA or an INCREASED TENDENCY to BLEED is a common consequence of ACUTE Leukemia.
. Single choice.
(1 Point)
True
False
TRUE
Which dietary component(s) is/are needed for DNA synthesis, and thus GREATLY influence the production of RED BLOOD CELLS?
. Single choice.
(1 Point)
calcium
iron
vitamin B12 and folic acid
protein
Vitamin B12 and FOLIC Acid
- What are the parameters included in the COMPLETE blood count (CBC) test
a. RBC, WBC, PLT, Hb, Ht, MCV, MCH, MCHC and ESR
b. RBC, WBC, PLT, Hb, Ht, MCV, MCH, MCHC and Differential count
c. RBC, WBC, PLT, Hb, Ht, MCV, MCH, MCHC
d. ESR and Differential count
c. RBC, WBC, PLT, Hb, Ht, MCV, MCH, MCHC
The ratio of the volume of RED BLOOD CELLS to the TOTAL VOLUME of Blood in CBC is expressed as:
. Single choice.
(1 Point)
plasma
hematocrit
erythrocytes
serum
Hematocrit
The PORTION of blood cells in whole blood in CBC is expressed as:
a. plasma
b. hematocrit
c. erythrocytes
d. serum
b. hematocrit
What measure the DIFFERENTIAL COUNT CHECKING?
a. the distribution of WBC in %/absolute count in peripheral blood
b. the maturation forms of WBC in %/absolute count in peripheral blood
c. the morphology of RBC in peripheral blood
d. the distribution of WBC, RBC, PLT in %/absolute count in peripheral
blood
d. the distribution of WBC, RBC, PLT in %/absolute count in peripheral blood
The type of WHITE BLOOD CELLS that often ARRIVES at the site of infection FIRST, is a GRANULOCYTES, and CONTAINS GRANULES that stain LIGHT PURPLE is a:
a. basophils
b. eosinophils
c. neutrophils
d. monocytes
c. neutrophils
A HIGH RETICULOCYTE count in the blood could indicate that there is a SLOW PRODUCTION of ERYTHROCYTES from the BONE MARROW
a. True
b. False
TRUE
The ERYTHROCYTE MICROforms are characteristic of:
a. megalocytic anemia
b. acute leukemia
c. iron deficiency anemia
d. chronic leukemia
IRON DEFICIENCY Anemia
Which BIOCHEMICAL parameters would you investigate in case of doubt about IRON DEFICIENCY anemia.
a. serum Iron and TIBC
b. Hemoglobin electrophoresis
c. Alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase
d. Vit B12 and folate
Serum Iron and TIBC
In the Vitamin B12 DEFICIENCY, in the blood cells is DISTURBED:
a. Iron absorption
b. Synthesis of folic acid
c. Production of an internal factor
d. DNA synthesis
DNA synthesis
DBC in MEGALOBLASTIC Anemia shows the following characteristics EXCEPT
a. Megakaryocytes
b. Howell-Jolie bodies
c. Increased reticulocytes
d. Hypersegmented neutrophils
INCREASED RETICULOcytes
HEMOLYTIC Anemia is caused by a DEFICIENCY of IRON in the blood
a. True
b. Not true
FALSE
What are the 2 MAIN Types of THALASSEMIA?
a. Alpha and Beta Thalassemia
b. Alpha and Delta Thalassemia
c. Beta and Delta Thalassemia
d. Gamma and Delta Thalassemia
a. ALPHA and BETA Thalassemia
ACUTE Leukemias by the evaluated laboratory HEMATOLOGICAL parameters are most often characterized by
a. normochromy, normocytosis, leucopenia and left shift, thrombocytosis
b. hypophosphataemia, leukocytosis, megaloblastic transformation
c. reticulocytosis, basophilically dashed erythrocytes, normal CBC
d. anemia, thrombocytopenia, most commonly moderate leukocytosis and
the presence of atypical, “blast” cells
ANEMIA, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, most commonly MODERATE Leukocytosis and
the PRESENCE of ATYPICAL, “BLAST” cells
Case No C - A 6-year-old BOY had a 2 to 3 weeks history of FEVER AT NIGHT and
CERVICAL ADENOPATHY. Physical exam showed a generalized LYMPHADENOPATHY.
His
lab data are:
WBC 20.7 G/L
Hgb 109 g/L
PLT 123 G/L.
Diff count results:
1 segs
-17 lymphs
-1 monos
-81 blasts.
The BONE MARROW obtained on the patient
in Case No C was HYPER-Cellular with 80% BLASTS that were fairly SMALL and
HOMOGENOUS.
His blasts were peroxidase/SBB NEGATIVE and PAS POSITIVE.
Immunophenotyping showed
POSITIVITY for CD10, CD19/20, and CD34; cells
were NEGATIVE for CD2/3; CALLA positive.
These results are most consistent with:
a. Precursor-B ALL, CALLA type
b. T cell ALL
Precursor-B ALL, CALLA type
aPTT is an indicator of:
a. deficiency of f. VII
b. Control of treatment with indirect anticoagulants
c. Evaluation of the coagulation cascade in the intrinsic pathway
d. Assessment of fibrinolysis
c. EVALUATION of the COAGULATION CASCADE in the INTRINSIC pathway
What are the ways of expressing the result in a PT study?
a. %, seconds, minutes, ratio
b. Seconds,%, ratio, INR
c. Seconds,%, attitude, ISI
d. Seconds,%, ratio, minutes
Seconds,%, ratio, INR
BEFORE treatment with standard HEPARIN, which indicator will you test:
a. PT
b. TT
c. aPTT
d. fibrinogen
aPTT
What is the EFFECT of ASPIRIN on the processes of HEMOSTASIS?
a. Antifibrinolytic
b. Procoagulant
c. Anti-aggregate
d. Fibrinolytic
ANTI-Aggregate
Typical laboratory features in DBC for CHRONIC MYELOID Leukemia is:
Single choice.
(1 Point)
Left shift up to Myelocyte
Leukocytosis
Neutropenia
Absolute lymphocytosis
LEFT SHIFT up to MYELOcyte
Which of the following lab parameters does NOT reflect the FIRST PHASE of the DIC:
Single choice.
(1 Point)
PF1+2, TAT, FPA, FM
аРТТ, TT
platelet count
differential blood count
DIFFERENT BLOOD Count
IRON DEFICIENCY Anemia is characterized with:
Single choice.
(1 Point)
Hypochromia
normochromic
Hypochromia
macrocytosis
HYPO-Chromia
Which of the following individual proteins is NEGATIVE reactant of the ACUTE phase:
Single choice.
(1 Point)
Fibrinogen
Transferin
C-reactive protein
Alfa-1 Antitrypsin
Transferin
Factors PROVIDING clot formation are called:
Single choice.
(1 Point)
profibrinolytics
procoagulants
anticoagulants
antifibrinolytics
PRO-Coagulants
Which of the following enzymes has the HIGHEST activity in the LIVER:
Single choice.
(1 Point)
AST
ALT
Amylase
LDH
ALT
MEGAGLOBLASTIC Anemia is due to:
Single choice.
(1 Point)
decreased hemoglobin synthesis
imbalance between the synthesized polypeptide chains of Hb
iron deficiency
deficiency of vitamin B12
DEFICIENCY of VITAMIN B12
Laboratory tests for HEMOLYTIC Anemia include:
Single choice.
(1 Point)
Specialized
Hemoglobin electrophoreses, cytochemical test for HbS
Hemoglobin concentration, immunoelectrophoresis,
Cytochemical tests for blast cells, transferrin
Morphology of cells in the bone marrow
HEMOGLOBIN Concentration, IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS,
PHOSPHOR Organic compounds specifically INHIBIT:
Single choice.
(1 Point)
ALP
CHE
Amylase
CK
ALP
MEGALOBLASTIC Anemias are characterized by:
Single choice.
(1 Point)
bone marrow with erythroblastic microforms
bone marrow with erythroblastic hyperplasia
bone marrow with hypochromic erythroblasts
there are no characteristic changes in the bone marrow
bone marrow with ERYTHOBLASTIC HYPERplasia
LOW serum activity of which ENZYME has CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE:
Single choice.
(1 Point)
CK
LDH
ALP
CHE
CHE
Plasma
Liquid Phase of Blood WITH Anticoagulant, CONTAINING Fibrinogen
Which of the following laboratory constellations confirms CHOLESTASIS:
Single choice.
(1 Point)
ALP, GGT
LDH, ALP
Cholinesterase, GGT
AST, ALT
ALP, GGT
SENSITIVE marker for evaluation GLOMERULAR FILTRATION is:
Single choice.
(1 Point)
Cystatin C
Beta -2- microglobulin
Urea
Retinol-binding protein
Cystatin C
The main laboratory parameters for assessment of water-electrolyte balance are:
Single choice.
(1 Point)
Hematocrit, MCV, Na+, Total Protein, Osmolality
Hematocrit, RBC, Na+, Osmolality
Hematocrit, Urea, Osmolarity, Albumin
Hematocrit, MCV, Na+, Total Protein, Glucose
Hematocrit, MCV, Na+, Total Protein, Osmolality
What is the specimen for evaluation of HEMOSTASIS parameters:
Single choice.
(1 Point)
venous blood with anticoagulant heparin
venous blood with anticoagulant EDTA
venous blood with anticoagulant sodium citrate
capillary blood with anticoagulant sodium fluoride
venous blood with anticoagulant SODIUM CITRATE
Which of the following conditions is an indication for serum CALCIUM testing:
Single choice.
(1 Point)
disproteinemia
screening for osteoporosis
impaired glucose tolerance
atherogenic risk assessment
screening for osteoporosis
C-peptide is a laboratory marker for:
Single choice.
(1 Point)
insulin secretion
tumor marker
hormone regulating calcium homeostasis
diabetes insipidus
INSULIN Secretion
HYPER-triglyceridemia is a risk factor for:
Single choice.
(1 Point)
chronic renal failure
nephrolithiasis
cardiovascular disease
anemia
CARDIOVASCULAR Disease
The TUMOR MARKER for screening of PROSTATE cancer is:
Single choice.
(1 Point)
СА 19-9
СА 15-3
PSA
β-HCG
PSA
PREGNANCY and BODY WEIGHT are example for:
Single choice.
(1 Point)
a constant lab results variation
long-term lab results variation
short-term lab results variation
circadian lab results variation
LONG-TERM lab results variation
The level of TIBC is a INDIRECT indicator for the amount of:
Single choice.
(1 Point)
ferritin
transferrin
functional Iron
hemosiderin
FUNCTIONAL Iron
Sodium is INCREASED and MCV is DECREASED at:
Single choice.
(1 Point)
hypertonic dehydration
hypotonic dehydration
isotonic dehydration
hypotonic hyperhydration
HYPERtonic DEhydration
The level of glycated hemoglobin for GOOD CONTROL of diabetes is:
Single choice.
(1 Point)
lower than 7 %
> 6.5 %
lower than 6 %
6.0-6.5 %
6.0-6.5 %
HYPERkalemia occurs in:
Single choice.
(1 Point)
treatment with insulin
hemolysis
metabolic acidosis
primary hyperaldosteronism
METABOLIC ACIDosis
Which of the following parameters will DIFFERENTIATE DEhydration from HYPERhydration:
Single choice.
(1 Point)
Hematocrit
Platelets
Potassium
Creatinine
Hematocrit
Laboratory tests with HIGHEST diagnostic reliability in HYPER-Thyroidism are:
Single choice.
(1 Point)
TSH, FT4
FSH, LH
TSH, LH
FSH, FT4
TSH, FT4
aPTT is used for evaluation of:
Single choice.
(1 Point)
the deficiency of f. VII
the treatment with Vit K antagonists
the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation
fibrinolysis
the INTRINSIC pathway of the COAGULATION
The test with SULFOSALICYLIC ACID is used for:
semi-quantitative analysis of protein in urine
quantitative analysis of protein in urine
semi-quantitative analysis of glucose in urine
quantitative analysis of protein in urine
SEMI-Quantitative analysis of PROTEIN in urine
Mark the CORRECT answer:
serum contains all clotting factors
serum contains factors of coagulation
plasma is the liquid, noncellular portion of clotted blood
serum is the liquid, noncellular portion of clotted blood
SERUM is the liquid, NON-cellular portion of CLOTTED BLOOD
WHOLE blood with EDTA is used for:
coagulation tests
clinical chemistry analysis
trace elements
CBC and DBC
CBC and DBC
The express strip tests for URINALYSIS are used for:
qualitative and semi-quantitative clinical chemistry analysis
microbiological analysis of urine
quantitative clinical chemistry analysis
microscopic analysis of the sediment
QUALITATIVE and SEMI-QUANTITATIVE CLINICAL CHEMISTRY Analysis
SERUM is the biological material, required for:
coagulation tests
clinical chemistry analysis
microelements
CBC and DBC
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY Analysis
Mark the INCORRECT answer:
Random urine specimens should be collected in a chemically clean receptacle
Random urine specimens may be collected at any time
In collecting 24-hour specimens the first morning specimen is to be discarded
In collecting 24-hour specimens the first morning specimen is to be added in the container
In collecting 24-hour specimens the FIRST MORNIN specimen is to be ADDED in the container
Good venipuncture technique follows a strict protocol. What is the maximum acceptable time to keep the tourniquet until venipuncture?
2 min
3 min
1 min
30 sec
1 min
What kind of BIOLOGICAL material is used for COAGULATION Tests?
whole blood with EDTA
serum
plasma with heparin
plasma with Sodium citrate
PLASMA with SODIUM CITRATE
QUANTITATIVE Measurement of PROTEIN in URINE requires
Diuresis urine (D24)
Random urine
Sterile urine
All given options are acceptable
Diuresis urine (D24)
Mark the CORRECT standard conditions for preparation of the patient for clinical laboratory analysis:
- 12 hours fasting and drinking pause, 24 hours alcohol pause, sampling between 7:00am and 9:00, no coffee and cigarette for 12 hours
- 12 hours fasting pause, 24 hours alcohol pause, sampling between 7:00am and 9:00, no coffee and cigarette before venipuncture
- 12 hours fasting, 24 hours alcohol pause, sampling between 7:00am and 9:00, no coffee and cigarette for 12 hours
- 12 hours fasting and drinking pause, 12 hours alcohol pause, sampling between 7:00am and 9:00, no coffee and cigarette before venipuncture
- 12 hours FASTING PAUSE, 24 hours ALCOHOL PAUSE, sampling between 7:00am and 9:00, NO coffee and cigarette BEFORE VENIPUNCTURE
What is the CORRECT ORDER OF DRAW (blood tubes) by venipuncture
All options are acceptable
- coagulation tube (plasma); 2. hematology tube (whole blood); 3. serum;
- hematology tube (whole blood) 2. serum; 3. coagulation tube (plasma);
- serum; 2. coagulation tube (plasma); 3. hematology tube (whole blood)
- Serum
- Coagulation tube (plasma
- Hematology tube (whole blood)
The main MORPHOLOGICAL SUBSTRAE of LEUKEMIAS are:
The youngest maturation forms of myelopoiesis
Parablasts
Plasmocytes
Basophils
PARABLASTS
To which of the pathological conditions do you refer the following laboratory constellation:
HGB: 103 g/L
HCT 0,35 l/l
MCV: 70fl
MCH: 20 pg,
INCREASED RDW, LOW Reticulocyte count,
ferritin concentration: 3 ng/mL,
TIBC: 90 µmol/L , transferin saturation 20%?
(2 points)
Megaloblastic anemia
Acute leukemia
Primary iron deficiency anemia
Hemolytic anemia
MEGALOBLASTIC Anemia
To which of the pathological conditions do you refer the following laboratory constellation:
HGB: 76 g/L
HCT 0,29 l/l
MCV: 88fl
MCH: 30 pg,
LOW reticulocyte count,
WBC: 80x109/L; Platelets: 60x109/L;
INCREASED LDH, INCREASED uric acid;
HYPER-Plastic bone marrow?
(2 points)
acute aleukemic leukemia
acute leukemia with a high percentage of parablasts in the peripheral blood
chronic myelogenous leukemia
chronic lymphogenous leukemia
ACUTE Leukemia with a HIGH percentage of PARABLASTS in the PERIPHERAL blood
Which of the following NEUTROPHILLIC MATURATION forms are normally found in a PERIPHERAL blood smear?:
Reticulocytes and Myelocytes
Banded and Segmented neutrophils
Eosinophils and Monocytes
Promyelocytes and Segmented neutrophils
PROMYELOCTES and SEGMENTED Neutrophils
DBC contains information about the following blood cells:
Segmented Neutrophils, Erythrocytes, etc.
Monocytes, Lymphocytes, etc.
Eosinophils, Reticulocytes, etc.
Basophils, Erythrocytes, etc.
SEGMENTED Neutrophils, ERYTHROCYTES, etc.
What levels of Iron and TIBC (Total Iron Binding Capacity) do you expect in HEMOLYTIC anemia?
decreased Iron, increased TIBC
decreased Iron, decreased TIBC
increased Iron, normal TIBC
increased Iron, increased TIBC
INCREASED Iron, Normal TIBC
Which of the following INDIVIDUAL proteins belong to the group of the NEGATIVE acute phase reactants?
ferritin and CRP
ferritin and transferin
albumin and
transferin
albumin and CRP
ALBUMIN and TRANSFERIN
What is the FUNCTIONof FERRITIN?
Physiological form for Iron storage
pathological form for Iron storage
individual protein for Iron transport
functional Iron
PHYSIOLOGICAL form for Iron STORAGE
MICROFORMS of the ERYTHROPOEITIC lineage are a typical characteristic of:
Megaloblastic anemia
Acute leukemia
Primary Iron deficiency anemia
Chronic leukemia
Primary Iron deficiency anemia ?/
Which of the following forms of ERYTHROPOESIS are normally found in a PERIPHERAL blood smear?
Reticulocytes and Erythrocytes
Basophilic erythroblasts and Erythrocytes
Polychromatophilic erythroblasts and Erythrocytes
Basophilic erythroblasts and Reticulocytes
RETICULOCYTES and ERYTHROCYTES
