11. Sodium and chloride Flashcards
Which is the MOST COMMON Cation in Extracellular Fluid?
Na, Sodium
What is Sodium Involved in?
ECF Balance
Nerve Impulse Transmission
Muscle Contraction
What is Sodium Regulated by?
Salt Intake
Urinary Output
Aldosterone
What is the Range of Na in Body?
135 - 155 mmol / L
When is Na Investigated?
Water-Electrolyte Balance Disturbance
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Acid-Base Balance Disturbance
Kidney Diseases
Hypertension
Oedemas
Endocrine Diseases = Hypothyroidism; Increased / Decreased Mineralocorticoids
What are the 3 Analytical Methods for Na?
- Flame Photometry
- Potentiometer
- Spectrophotometry
1| What is a Flame Photometry?
Based on Light Emitted
When the Metal Ions Tested Show Presence + Quantity
Different Metals = Different Colour + Intensity due to Concentration
2| What is a Potentiometer?
Measure Voltage
3| What is a Spectrophotometry?
Measure Amount of Light ABSORBED by Substance
What is the Cause of INCREASED Sodium (Hypernatremia)?
Kidney Problems
Water LOSS with Kidneys
IMPAIRED Secretion of ADH
Diarrhoea
HIGH Salt Intake
What is the Cause of DECREASED Sodium (Hyponatremia)?
Diuretic Drugs
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Mineralocorticoid + Glucocorticoid DEFICIENCY
What is the Range of Cl in Body?
95 - 105 mmol / L
When is Cl Investigated?
Acid-Base Balance Disturbance
Water-Electrolyte Balance Disturbance
Emergency Causes
What are the 4 Analytical Methods for Cl?
- Potentiometer
- Spectrophotometry
- Coulometric Titration
- Mercurimetric Titration
1| What is a Potentiometer?
Measure Voltage