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Clinical Laboratory > 9. Body water and its distribution in the human body. Osmolality and osmolarity - methods of investigation, reference ranges, result interpretation. > Flashcards

9. Body water and its distribution in the human body. Osmolality and osmolarity - methods of investigation, reference ranges, result interpretation. Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Functions of Water in the Body?

A

Acts as a Solvent

Plays Important Role in Transport of Different Substances

Regulation of the Body Temperature

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2
Q

How Much Does Water Make up of the Human Body?

A

45 - 75% of Total Weight of Adult

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3
Q

How Much Water Does it Make Up in New-borns?

A

75%

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4
Q

How Much Water Does it Make Up in Young Men?

A

64%

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5
Q

How Much Water Does it Make Up in Adult Men?

A

53%

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6
Q

How Much Water Does it Make Up in Young Women?

A

53%

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7
Q

How Much Water Does it Make Up in Adult Women?

A

46%

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8
Q

How Much Water Does Adipose Tissue Contain?

A

Approximately ~ 20%

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9
Q

How Much Water Do Other Tissues Contain?

A

Approximately ~ 73%

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10
Q

What is the Volume of Water in the Extracellular Space?

A

15 Litres

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11
Q

What is the Volume of Water in the Intracellular Space?

A

25 Litres

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12
Q

What is OsmoLARity?

A

Number of Osmotically Active Particles

Dissolved in 1 Litre of Body Fluid

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13
Q

What is the Range of OsmoLARity?

A

280 - 295 mosm / L in Serum

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14
Q

What is OsmoLALity?

A

Number of Osmotically Active Particles

In 1Kg of Body

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15
Q

What is the Range of OsmoLALity?

A

281 - 297 mosm / Kg

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16
Q

What is the Serum Osmolal Gap?

A

(Measured Serum OsmoLALity) - (Calculated Serum OsmoLALity) Range

Is LESS than 10 mosml / Kg

17
Q

What Method is Used to Measure the OsmoLALity of Solutions, of a Biological Sample?

A

Osmometry

Via Using a Osmometer

18
Q

What is an Osmometer?

A

Instrument that Uses Colligative Properties

To Take the Measurements

19
Q

How do the Colligative Properties Differ?

A

Depend on N.O of Solute Particles

Dispersed at Certain Quantity of Solvent

Regardless of Chemical Nature of Solvent

20
Q

How does OsmoLALity of Blood get Affected?

A

INCREASES = With Dehydration

DECREASES = With Overhydration

21
Q

What does INCREASED OsmoLALity Mean, in Normal People?

A

Stimulates the Secretion of ADH

Leading to INCREASED Water Reabsorption + MORE CON Urine

LESS CONC Blood Plasma

22
Q

What does DECREASED OsmoLALity Mean, in Normal People?

A

Suppresses the Release of ADH

DECREASED Water Reabsorption + DILUTED Urine

MORE CONC Blood Plasma

23
Q

What Causes FREQUENTLY INCREASED OsmoLALity?

A

Chronic Illnesses

  • Chronic Neurotoxic Disease = Lyme’s Disease

Hyperglycaemia = INCREASED Glucose

Hypernatremia = INCREASED Sodium

24
Q

What Causes FREQUENTLY DECREASED OsmoLALity?

A

Hyponatremia = DECREASED Sodium

Hypovolemia = LOW Blood Volume

Clinical Laboratory (31 decks)

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