8. Urine for clinical laboratory investigation Cerebrospinal fluid, body fluids and stool Flashcards
What are the 3 Categories of Lab Testing of Urine?
a. Chemical Examination
b. Bacteriologic Examination
c. Microscopic Examination
What are the Different Types of Urine Specimen Collection?
- Random Specimens
- Clean Catch, Midstream Specimens
- Timed 24hr and Catheterized
- Diuresis = D24; D12; D6; D3
1| What are Random Specimens?
Collected at ANY Time
1st Morning-Voided Specimen is Collected = 1st Time Patient Urinates in Morning
1| How Should Random Specimens Be Collected?
Chemically Clean Receptacle:
- Glass
- Plastic
2| What are Clean Catch, Midstream Specimens?
1) Begin Urine
2) STOP Midstream
3) Discard 1st Portion of Urine
4) Collect REMAIN in a Sterile Container
5) Vessel tightly sealed with patient’s name labelled; date of collection + Submitted for Analysis
Which Urine Specimen Method is Preferred?
Clean Catch, Midstream Specimen
Which Urine Specimen Method is MOST Difficult?
and Why?
24hr Timed Urine Collection
- Requires Patient Cooperation
- Incomplete Collection is a Frequent Problem
- Sometimes TOO MUCH Sample is Collected
What are the Types of Urinalysis?
{PPT}
Macroscopic
Clinical Chemistry
Microscopic = Sediment Study
Semi-Quantitative = Single Portion of Urine
Quantitative = Diuresis Urine
What is the Urine Storage Procedure?
Prevention of Growth of Microbes
Specimen to be refrigerated PROMPTLY AFTER Collection
Contain Chemical Preservative (If Necessary)
What is Required for the Urinalysis for Infants and Small Children?
{PPT}
Special Urine Collection Bag,
ADHERED To Skin, Surrounding Urethral Area
Where Urine is transported into a collection cup and transferred into an Evacuated Tube w/ Transfer Straw
What does the Macroscopic Urinalysis Show?
{PPT}
Urine Colour
a. Light Yellow
b. Yellow
c. Amber
d. Brown
e. Red
What does the Clinical Chemistry Urinalysis Used to Test For?
{PPT}
Glucose
Bilirubin; Urobilinogen
Ketones
Specific Gravity
Blood
pH
Protein
Nitrite
Leukocytes Esterase
What is Tested in the Semi-Quantitative Urinalysis?
{PPT}
Ketones
Glucose
Protein
pH
What is Tested in the Quantitative Urinalysis?
{PPT}
Proteins
Glucose
Electrolytes
Hormones
What is Tested in the Functional Test Urinalysis?
{PPT}
Creatinine Clearance
For the qualitative investigation of urine is necessary:
{MCQ}
To Take the Urine in Fasting
In viral hepatitis what can you find in urine?
{MCQ}
Bilirubin-negative
Urobilinogen-increased
Mark the right answer for urine collection (diuresis)
{MCQ}
First Portion is Eliminated
Last Portion is Collected
What Procedure is Performed for CSF Collection?
Lumbar Puncture
Where is the Site for Lumbar Puncture?
Between 3rd + 4th Lumbar Vertebrae
Between 4th + 5th Lumbar Vertebrae
What does CSF Collection Require?
Emergency Transport
Analysis
What Procedure is Performed for Thoracic Cavity Collection?
Thoracentesis
What is the Thoracentesis Procedure Helpful for?
Diagnosing Inflammation
Diagnosing Neoplastic Disease in the Lung / Pleura
What Procedures are Performed for Fluid Collection from Pericardium + Peritoneal Cavities Respectively?
Pericardiocentesis
Peritonocentesis
How Much Volume do the Pericardium + Peritoneal Cavities, Contain?
LESS than 50mL
What Tests are the Pleural, Pericardial and Peritoneal Fluid For?
Chemical
Microbiologic
Cytologic
How Must Pleural, Pericardial and Peritoneal Fluid Be Transported?
Protected from DIRECT Exposure to Light = Causing Breakdown of Bilirubin
Analysis of Unstable Constituents to be Kept at 4°C IMMEDIATELY AFTER collection
Transported on Ice
