6. Venous blood collection clinical laboratory investigation – basic procedures and sources of errors Flashcards

1
Q

What Must You Do to AVOID Problems with Hemo-Concentration + Dilution, in the Phlebotomy Procedure?

{PPT}

A

Patient Seated for 15-20 Minutes

Before Blood is Drawn

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2
Q

How Should the Tourniquet be applied, in the Phlebotomy Procedure?

{PPT}

A

Enough to RESTRICT Venous Flow

NOT TIGHT to OCCLUDE Arterial Flow

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3
Q

What % Alcohol Must be Used, When Cleaning the Venipuncture Site, in the Phlebotomy Procedure?

{PPT}

A

70% Alcohol

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4
Q

How do you End the Phlebotomy Procedure?

{PPT}

A

RELEASE the Tourniquet = Blood BEGINS to Flow

Withdraw Needle ALONG WITH the Tourniquet

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5
Q

What is the Order of Drawing Blood?

{PPT}

A

1) Haemoculture
2) Serum
2) Plasma = For Haemostasis
3) ESR + Heavy Metals
4) Whole Blood = For Haematology Test

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6
Q

How Must You Place the Blood Sample in the Tube?

A

Gently Mix

Invert Tube with Anticoagulant

DO NOT Shake the tube!

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7
Q

What are the Common Error BEFORE Venous Puncture?

A

Misidentification of the Patient

Patient NOT PROPERLY Prepared = WITHOUT 12hr Starvation

Change in Body Position BEFORE Procedure

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8
Q

What are the Common Error DURING Venous Puncture?

A
  1. Small Needles
  2. Tourniquet being left on the arm for MORE THAN 1 Minute
  3. Venipuncture in Improper Vein Site
  4. Tapping on Vein
  5. Pumping with Fingers, while Tourniquet is Applied
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9
Q

1| What does Small Needles Lead to?

A

Haemolysis

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10
Q

2| What Happens If You Leave the Tourniquet on for MORE than 1 Minute?

and What does this Influence?

A

Local Stasis

Haemoconcentration

Influencing Results for

  • Albumin
  • K+
  • N.O of Erythrocytes
  • HCT
  • HGB
  • WBC
  • PLT
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11
Q

3| What does a Venipuncture at an Improper Vein Site Lead to?

A

Haematoma

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12
Q

4| What does Tapping on the Vein Lead to?

A

Haemolysis = Rupturing of RBCs

Activation of Coagulation Factors

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13
Q

5| What does Pumping with Fingers, while Tourniquet is Applied, Lead to?

A

Local Acidosis

Haemolysis

INCREASING K+ and Lactate Levels by 20%

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14
Q

What are the Common Error AFTER Venous Puncture?

A

NOT Loosening the Tourniquet, AFTER entering the Vein + drawing the blood

Wrong Tubes / Anticoagulant

Wrong Order of Evacuated Collection Tubes

Short Draw = WRONG Blood : Coagulant Ratio

Mislabelling of Specimen

Exposure to Light / Extreme Temp

Improperly Timed Specimens / Delayed Delivery

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15
Q

What is Lipemia?

{PPT}

A

Serum Appears Milky or Turbid

DUE to Lipids = Improper Fasting (NOT 12hr Starvation)

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16
Q

What does Jaundice Serum Look like?

{PPT}

A

Aka Icteric Serum

Appears Yellow = DUE to HIGH Bilirubin

17
Q

Which of the following procedures is WRONG?

{MCQ}

A

Tapping and Massaging the Vein