31. Alkaline and acid phosphatase in serum Flashcards
What is Alkaline Phosphatase?
Hydrolase Enzyme
Responsible for Dephosphorylation of Nucleotides, Proteins + Alkaloids
Where are Alkaline Phosphatase Located in the Body?
Liver = HIGH Conc
Bile Duct
Kidney
Bone = HIGH Conc
Placenta
All Tissues
What are the 3 Isoenzymes of Alkaline Phosphatase?
- ALPI = Intestinal
- ALPL = Liver, Bone + Kidney
- ALPP = Placental
What are the Analytical Methods for Alkaline Phosphate Investigation?
Kinetic = Measuring Rate of Hydrolysis of Para-Nitrophenylphosphate Substrate
405 nm
Yellow Para-Nitrophenol is RELEASED
What is the Error for Alkaline Phosphate Investigation?
Oral Contraceptives
which REDUCE ALP
What are the Reference Ranges for Alkaline Phosphate?
20 - 140 IU / L
What are LOW Levels of Alkaline Phosphate Associated With?
Hypophosphatasia = Autosomal Recessive Disease
Post-Menopausal Women RECEIVING Oestrogen Therapy
Men with Recent Heart Surgery
Malnutrition
Magnesium Deficiency
Hypothyroidisim
Children with Achondroplasia + Cretinism
What are HIGH Levels of Alkaline Phosphate Associated With?
Adolescents = INCREASED Osteoblast Activity
Pregnancy
5x MORE = Peget’s Brucellosis; Osteomalacia + Rickets
What is Acidic Phosphatase?
Hydrolase Enzyme
Hydrolyses Phosphate Esters at Acidic pH
Where are Acidic Phosphatase Located in the Body?
Prostate
Erythrocyte, Platelets
Bones
Liver
Spleen
Where is Acidic Phosphatase Stored?
In lysosomes
What are the Analytical Methods of ACP Investigation?
- Colorimetric = LOW Sensitive
- Kinetic
- High Sensitivity Immunometric = Allows ACP as a Tumour Marker
What are the Errors in ACP Investigation?
Positive (+ve) False Readings
Negative (-ve) False Readings
What Causes POSITIVE (+ve) FALSE Readings in ACP Investigation?
Haemolysis
Androgens
Clofibrate
Palpation of Prostate
What Causes NEGATIVE (-ve) FALSE Readings in ACP Investigation?
Sodium Heparin
