MCAT BIO CH.6 PART 1 Flashcards
What is the function of nucleus?
Contain and protect DNA; transcription; partial assembly of ribosomes
Number of membranes surrounding nucleus?
2
What is the function of mitochondria?
Produce ATP via the krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
Number of membranes surrounding mitochondria?
2
What is the function of ribosomes?
Synthesis of proteins
Number of membranes surrounding ribosomes?
0
What is the function of the RER?
Synthesis/modification of secretory, membrane-bound and organelle proteins
Number of membranes surrounding RER?
1
What is the function of the SER?
Detoxification and glycogen breakdown in liver; steroid synthesis in gonads
Number of membranes surrounding SER?
1
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Modification and sorting of protein, some synthesis
Number of membranes surrounding Goldgi apparatus?
1
What is the function of the lysosomes?
Contain acid hydrolase that digest various substances
Number of membranes surrounding lysosomes?
1
What is the function of the peroxisomes?
Metabolize lipids and toxins using H2O
Number of membranes surrounding peroxisomes?
1
What is the nucleus surrounded by?
The nuclear envelope
What occurs in the nucleus in eukaryotes? Where does translation occur?
Replication, transcription and splicing; translation
Eukaryotic genome are organized into________, while the genome of prokaryotes is_______?
Linear molecules of double-stranded DNA; single circular DNA molecule
What is a chromosome?
Separate linear DNA molecule
What is a locus?
Specific location on the chromosome where the genes can be mapped
What happens to the gene in heterochromatin form?
Turned off and inaccessible
What happens to the gene in euchromatin form?
More loosely packed and allow genes to be activated
What is the purpose of nuclear matrix?
To support and provide overall structure and regulating gene expression