MCA BIO CH. 12 PART 1 Flashcards
What parts of glucose metabolism produce carbon dioxide?
Pyruvate dehydrogenase and Krebs cycle during oxidative respiration
What parts of glucose metabolism utilizes oxygen?
Oxygen is reduced to water by cytochrome c oxidase
What is the conduction zone based on respiratory system?
Parts that participate only in ventilation
What is ventilation?
Air into and out of the lungs
What is the respiratory zone?
Parts that participate in gas exchange
What happens to the blood when Co2 is exhaled?
Amount of carbonic acid in the blood decreases so pH increases
How does hyperventilation and hypoventilation affect the blood?
Causes alkalization fo the blood, increase pH; acidification fo the blood, decreases pH
What is respiratory alkalosis?
Alkalization of the blood
What is respiratory acidosis?
Acidification of the blood
How can the reparatory organ be considered thermoregulation?
Breathing can result in significant heat loss
Heat loss from respiratory system occurs through…?
Evaporative water loss
How can the respiratory system be considered protection from disease and particulate matter?
The mucociliary escalator and alveolar macrophages protect from harmful inhaled particles
What is the pathway of the inhaled air, starting with the pharynx?
Pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
What in the nose acts as filters?
Nasal hairs and sticky mucus
What is the pharynx?
The throat
What are the three functions of the larynx?
- Keeps airway open
- Seals trachea during eating
- Produces sound
How can the larynx produce sound?
Contains vocal cords
How can the larynx seal the trachea during eating?
Contains epiglottis to do so
What is the trachea?
A passageway which must remain open to permit air flow
What prevents the trachea from collapsing?
Rings of cartilage prevent its collapse
What does the trachea branch off into?
Two primary bronchi
What prevents collapsing of bronchi?
Small plates of cartilage
What are bronchioles?
Small bronchi
What allows the diameter bronchioles to be regulated?
The walls are made out of smooth muscle; adjust airflow into the system