MCAT BIO CH. 4 PART 1 Flashcards
What are DNA and RNA?
Nucleic acids
What is the building block of DNA?
What is dATP?
Deoxyadenosine 5’ triphosphate
What are nucleotides built from?
What are purines and pyrimidines?
What is a nucleoside? What is a nucleotide?
- A ribose or deoxyribose with a purine or pyrimidine linked to the 1’ carbon
What is a nucleotide?
- Phosphate esters of nucleosides with phosphate groups joined to the ribose ring by the 5’ hydroxy group
What is a NTP?
Nucleoside triphosphate, NTP: nucleotide contain three phosphate residues
What is the backbone of the DNA? Why?
The sugar and phosphate portion of the nucleotide
What are polynucleotide?
Nucleotides covalently linked in a chain by phosphodiester bonds
Where is the phosphodiester bond based on nucleotides?
3’ hyroxy group of one of the deoxyribose and the 5’ phosphate group of the next deoxyribose
What if the nucleotide contains the phosphate residues?
dNTP
What is an oglionucleotide?
What is a polynucleotide?
What is the written first in the polynucleotide chain?
What is the Watson-Crick Model of DNA Structure?
How is the orientation of the double stranded DNA?
Antiparallel orientation
What does antiparellel orientation mean?
The 5’ end of one chain is paired with the 3’ nd of the other
Where are the hydrogen bonds located based on the double stranded DNA?
H-bonds in ds-DNA are between the bases on adjacent chains
How do the H-bonds pair up in the double stranded DNA? What does this symbolize?
How many H bonds between A-T? What about G-C?
The GC base pair takes up more room in the DNA double helix. T/F
Two chains of DNA are said to be complimentary based on what…?
If the bases in each strand can hydrogen bond when the strands are orientedin an antiparallel fashion
What is annealing or hybridization?