Mastication, Deglutition, and Phonation Flashcards
Movements of the jaw... Depression: Elevation: Protrusion: Retraction:
Depression: opening
Elevation: closing
Protrusion: moves anteriorly
Retraction: moves posteriorly
To keep your mandible in line, it has to be pulled slightly rostrally. What muscle is responsible for this?
Pterygoid
What elevates the hyoid and attaches to the mandible?
Digastric
The digastric innervations…
Anterior belly:
Posterior belly:
Anterior belly: CN V3
Posterior belly: CN 7
Cranial nerves involved in general sensation during mastication:
CN V2 (hard palate & upper teeth) CN V3 (anterior 2/3 of tongue & lower teeth) CN IX (posterior 1/3 of tongue)
What comes off the zygomatic arch and goes to the mandible?
the masseter
What comes off the pteryogoid processes and goes onto the mandible?
pterygoids
(lateral = protrusion)
(medial = circular motion)
Stages of mastication…
- Jaw opens, but how?
- Mandibular condyle slides anteriorly (protrusion), but how?
- Tongue and cheek muscles position food, but how?
- Jaw moves toward chewing side, contracting what? (and innervations?)
- Power stroke begins, what happens?
- Food is ground where?
- gravity and neck muscles
- lateral pterygoid (CN V3)
- tongue = CN 12
cheek muscles (buccinator) = CN 7 - chewing side masseter = V3
contralateral medial pterygoid = V3 - jaw elevates and moves toward non-chewing side
- occlusal surfaces
Power stroke details…
Jaw elevates with what muscles?
Jaw moves toward non-chewing side by what?
Elevates with masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid
Contralateral masseter and chewing side medial pterygoid
The sternocleidomastoid runs over a bundle of nerves and vasculature like the carotid sheath. What’s composed of this?
What do they pass through?
Carotid artery
Jugular vein (internal)
Vagus nerve
-Jugular foramen
The epiglottis is anchored onto what?
Thyroid cartilage
Pharyngeal constrictors…
superior
middle
inferior
Deglutition is…
swallowing
Steps in deglutition…
- Buccal phase
- Pharyngeal phase
- Esophageal phase
- Food enters stomach
In the buccal phase, what innervates the tongue to press food against soft palate to push posteriorly toward oropharynx?
Facial nerve
How is the food kept from coming back out?
Hyoid elevates (digastric) Superior pharyngeal (CN X) Larynx elevates (thyrohyoid muscle)
In the pharyngeal phase, what is the swallowing reflex initiated by?
Medulla oblongata
When swallowing, what muscles contract? Innervations?
Middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors (CN X)
In the esophageal phase, what pushes food toward stomach? Innervation?
Peristalsis of esophagus (CN X)
What is phonation?
Speaking (producing sound)
What controls the glottis?
What kind of innervation is it?
The recurrent laryngeal nerve
Branchial (conscious)
The boundaries of the glottis are…
vocal folds
What type of innervation is involved in phonation?
Branchial motor
NOT SOMATIC MOTOR
To change the pitch of the tone, it depends on the diameter, length, and tension of vocal folds. By what nerve?
Vagus
Branchial motor
Your vocal ligaments are attached to what that allows you to change pitch?
arytenoid cartilage
Drawing arytenoids closer to the midline means…
Increased length and tension on vocal chords
= Higher pitch
Spreading arytenoids apart from the midline means…
Decreased length and tension on vocal chords
= Lower pitch
Inside of the vocal folds are…
Which are anchored to…
vocal ligaments
anchored to thyroid cartilage and arytenoids
What is articulation?
How you shape the sound
The tone depends on what?
Size and shape of oropharynx an nasopharynx
Position of jaw, tongue, and lips
Articulation innervations…
Position of jaw:
Tongue:
Lips:
Position of jaw: CN V3
Tongue: CN 12
Lips: CN 7
