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Bio 223 > Lecture 2 (FIRST MIDTERM) > Flashcards

Lecture 2 (FIRST MIDTERM) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

3 germ layers from out to in:

A

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

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2
Q

6 main chordate features:

A 
Notochord
Pharyngeal slits
Endostyle or thyroid gland
Dorsal Hollow Nerve Tube
Postanal tail
Segmented body musculature
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3
Q

The concept of “a tube in a tube” (like us) is called:

A

gastrulation

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4
Q

Where the ectoderm thickens, there is a specific germ layer called…

A

neural plate ectoderm

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5
Q

What is neurulation?

A

Ectoderm “rolls up” and leaves a hollow core (dorsal hollow nerve tube)

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6
Q

What are pharyngeal slits?

A

Piercings or almost piercings (which are pharyngeal pouches)

Probably functioned in feeding or respiration in early chordates

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7
Q

Endostyle:

Thyroid gland:

A

Endostyle: a ciliated groove in the floor of the mouth - present in early chordates
Thyroid gland: present in more advanced chordates

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8
Q

The central nervous system in chordates develops embryologically from…

A

ectoderm

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9
Q

What is the name of the canal going down your spinal cord?

A

neurocoel

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10
Q

Post-anal tail:

A

A tail extending beyond the anus

Primarily for swimming in lower chordates

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11
Q

Segmented body musculature:

A

Blocks of muscle that are arranged along the length of the body

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12
Q

The notochord is embryologically derived from…

A

mesoderm

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13
Q

The notochord is dorsal to what?

A

The coelom (body cavity)

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14
Q

The notochord is ventral to what?

A

The central nervous system

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15
Q

Neural crest ectoderm turns into..

A

Peripheral nervous system, ganglia of nervous system (cranial, spinal, autonomic), dentine of teeth, head skeleton, pigment cells, covering of the brain (meninges)

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16
Q

Most superficial layer in an embryo (specific germ layer):

A

epidermal ectoderm

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17
Q

Specific germ layer of the dorsal hollow nerve tube:

A

neural ectoderm

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18
Q

Three divisions of the mesoderm:

A

Epimere
Mesomere
Hypomere

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19
Q

Epimere forms what structures?

A

Somites

20
Q

3 types of Epimere and description:

A

Dermatome: dermis
Myotome: axial, limb, and body wall musculature
Sclerotome: vertebral column and ribs

21
Q

Specific germ layer of the notochord:

A

chordamesoderm

22
Q

Specific germ layer of somites:

A

paraxial mesoderm

23
Q

Intermediate mesoderm falls under this category:

A

mesomere

24
Q

The intermediate mesoderm forms…

A

urogenital system

25
Q

Dorsal hollow nerve tube forms…

A

central nervous system

26
Q

Specific germ layer of splanchnic lateral plate mesoderm…

A

lateral plate mesoderm

27
Q

Specific germ layer of somatic lateral plate mesoderm…

A

lateral plate mesoderm

28
Q

The Splanchnic lateral plate mesoderm forms…

A

heart, blood vessels, smooth muscle of digestive system

29
Q

The Somatic lateral plate mesoderm forms…

A

limb skeletons

30
Q

Hypomere consists of…

A

Somatic lateral plate mesoderm and Splanchnic lateral plate mesoderm

31
Q

What lines the digestive tube?

A

endoderm

32
Q

Endoderm lining of the digestive tube:

A
  • Abdominal foregut: stomach, liver, pancreas, beginning of small intestine
  • Abdominal midgut: most of small intestine, beginning of large intestine
  • Abdominal hindgut: terminal intestines, urinary bladder
33
Q

Segmentation is most obvious in what derivatives?

A

Mesoderm derivatives

Somites (dermatome, myotome, schlerotome)

34
Q

Transsegmental structures:

A 
Dorsal hollow nerve tube
Notochord
Dorsal aorta
Gut
Coelom
Lateral mesoderm
Surface ectoderm
35
Q

What does transsegmental mean?

A

Continuous (longitudinal)

36
Q

Segmented structures:

A

Somites
Intermediate mesoderm
Segmental arteries
Segmental nerves

37
Q

Inner lining of the digestive tube is _________ and the outer lining is __________

A

Inner lining of the digestive tube is endoderm and the outer lining is mesoderm

38
Q

Parietal serosa lines…

And is associated with…

A

the inside of somatic lateral plate mesoderm

and is associated with the body wall

39
Q

Visceral serosa lines…

A

the gut wall “outside”

40
Q

Parietal serosa and visceral serosa are types of…

A

peritoneum (inside abdominal cavity)

41
Q

The “space” in between the body wall “tube” and the gut wall “tube” is called…

A

coelom

42
Q

The connection between body wall and plate mesoderm is called…

A

Somatopleure

43
Q

The connection between mesoderm and endoderm is called…

A

Splanchnopleure

44
Q

The “openings” that act as bridges for blood vessels to the gut tube are called…

A

Dorsal mesentery and ventral mesentery

45
Q

Which mesentery is closer to the aorta/notochord/DHNT?

A

Dorsal mesentery

46
Q

Explain neurulation.

A

Single layer of epidermal ectoderm with thickening in the middle (neural plate - neural ectoderm)
Plate starts to fold and neural folds move toward each other and create a neural groove
(just beneath the neural folds is neural crest tissue)
Neural folds come together and create a tube, which separates from epidermal ectoderm
Becomes Dorsal Hollow Nerve Tube (still neural ectoderm)

Bio 223 (34 decks)

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