7/23 Part Two (Structure of Brain, Cranial Nerve Pathways) Flashcards
In an embryo, what are the portions included in these regions?
Forebrain:
Midbrain:
Hindbrain:
Forebrain: cerebrum, diencephalon
Midbrain: midbrain
Hindbrain: cerebellum and pons, medulla oblongata
The cerebrum is responsible for what?
-Conscious movement!! Perception Movement of somatopleure Sensoro-motor integration Emotion Memory Learning
The diencephalon is responsible for what?
-Maintaining balance!!
Homeostasis
Behavioral drives (hunger & thirst)
Coordination of neural & endocrine activities in hypothalamus
Sensory relay and modification in thalamus
Melatonin secretion in pineal gland
The midbrain (mesencephalon) is responsible for what?
Regulating auditory and visual reflexes
In the midbrain, what controls visual reflexes? Auditory reflexes?
Visual: superior colliculi
Auditory: inferior colliculi
The cerebellum is responsible for what?
(unconscious) Control of fine-tune control
Problems with the cerebellum result in what?
Ataxia (lack of order/muscle coordination)
What does the pons connect?
Links cerebellum with midbrain, diencephalon, cerebrum, & spinal cord
The medulla oblongata is responsible for what?
Vital involuntary functions (blood pressure, sleep, breathing, vomiting)
Where is the respiratory rhythmicity center? What does it do?
Medulla oblongata
It sets the pace for respiration
The sensory signals from the respiratory rhythmicity center have to pass through what first? What is the “location” called?
The pons
Apneustic and pneumatic centers for modifying respiration
The pons contains the CN nuclei of…
CN 5
CN 6
CN 7
CN 8
The medulla oblongata contains the CN nuclei of…
CN 8 CN 9 CN 10 CN 11 CN 12
Each hemisphere contains a large what? What separates them?
Lateral ventricle
Septum pellucidum
The ventricle in the diencephalon is called…
the third ventricle
How do the lateral ventricles communicate with the third?
interventricular foramen (foramen of Monro)
What is the slender canal in the midbrain that separates the third and fourth ventricles?
aqueduct of midbrain
cerebral aqueduct
The CSF continuously circulates from the ventricles and central canal to where?
subarachnoid space
of the surrounding cranial meninges
In between what meninges does the CSF exist?
arachnoid pater and pia mater
CSF exits through fourth ventricle and gets into…
subarachnoid space (the middle of the arachnoid mater and pia mater)
What produces CSF? Inside where?
Choroid plexuses
inside ventricles
The dura mater splits into 2 and acts like a what? How?
a vein
blood is being drained away from the skull
Sticking out from the subarachnoid space and going into the venous substance (dura) is a what? What does it allow?
subarachnoid granulation
allows CSF to leave subarachnoid space and empty into venous blood, which then can carry the blood & CSF away from skull
Why is it important to carry CSF away from skull?
Choroid plexuses are ALWAYS producing CSF unless we die
What is the space in between the layers of the dura called? What do we call this formation of the dura?
dural/venous sinus
dural folds
What projects between the cerebral hemispheres in the longitudinal fissure?
falx cerebri
What protects the cerebellum and separates the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum?
tentorium cerebelli
What divides the two cerebellar hemispheres along the midsagittal line inferior to the tentorium cerebelli?
falx cerebelli
What do we call the place where the transverse sinus and sagittal sinuses come together?
Confluence of sinuses
Arteries leading to circles arteriosus cerebri:
Right carotid artery
Left carotid artery
Basilar artery (formed from right and left vertebral arteries)
