Lab 1 (FIRST MIDTERM) Flashcards
Epaxial muscles refer to the ______ while Hypaxial muscles refer to the _______.
back, front
Name the plane on the far left.
frontal/coronal plane
Name the plane in the middle.
Name the plane in the middle if it was over to one side instead of directly in the middle.
medial sagittal plane (right in the middle)
parasagittal plane (off the mid-line)
Name the plane on the far right.
transverse plane
Directional terms:
Cranial/superior vs. caudal/inferior
Toward head vs. toward “tail” or feet
Directional terms:
Dorsal vs. ventral
Toward backbone vs. toward belly
Directional terms:
Medial vs. lateral
Toward the middle vs. away from midline
Directional terms:
Proximal vs. distal
Closer to attachment vs. away from attachment
Directional terms:
Superficial vs. deep
Closer to surface vs. away from surface
What does the blastocoel contain that eventually becomes you (or a fish, or a chicken, or any chordate)?
inner cell mass
Together the ectoderm and the endoderm make…
bilaminar layer
Together all three germ layers make…
trilaminar layer
What is the “thickening” in the middle of a single layer of epidermal ectoderm?
Specific germ layer?
Neural plate
Specific: neural ectoderm
What moves toward each other and creates a neural groove?
neural folds
What is created when the neural folds close off?
Specific germ layer?
Dorsal hollow nerve tube
Specific: neural ectoderm
What is the general germ layer AND specific germ layer of the notochord?
Mesoderm
Specific: chordamesoderm
What is the specific germ layer of the parietal serosa and visceral serosa?
Lateral plate mesoderm
What are the little circles at the end of the somites? (they don’t have a name so name the specific germ layer)
Intermediate mesoderm
What is the very first structure in an embryo?
Notochord
3 “types” of somites and a VERY brief description:
Dermatome: skin
Myotome: muscle
Sclerotome: skeleton
Specific germ layer of somites:
Paraxial mesoderm
Spinal curves
Primary curves (fetus):
Secondary curves (after birth):
Tertiary curves (later):
Primary: thoracic and sacral
Secondary: cervical
Tertiary: lumbar
How many of each vertebrae?
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
CONNECTION TIME!
Where are the vertebrae derived from? (think specifically)
Sclerotome –> Somites –> Mesoderm
What does the spinal chord travel through?
Vertebral foramen
How can you tell if it’s cervical vertebra?
Has transverse foramen
(also a bifid spinous process)
What runs through the transverse foramen?
Vertebral artery
How can you tell if it’s thoracic vertebra?
They have costal facets that articulate with ribs
Atlas vs. Axis
“Atlas spins on its axis”
Atlas: C1 and circle shaped; has little transverse foramen
Axis: C2 and has a dens for Atlas to sit on
True ribs:
False ribs:
Floating ribs:
True: have their own cartilage (7 pairs)
False: 5 - 3 “hitch a ride” on true rib and 2 are floating
