Lab 1 (FIRST MIDTERM) Flashcards

1
Q

Epaxial muscles refer to the ______ while Hypaxial muscles refer to the _______.

A

back, front

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2
Q

Name the plane on the far left.

A

frontal/coronal plane

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3
Q

Name the plane in the middle.

Name the plane in the middle if it was over to one side instead of directly in the middle.

A

medial sagittal plane (right in the middle)

parasagittal plane (off the mid-line)

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4
Q

Name the plane on the far right.

A

transverse plane

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5
Q

Directional terms:

Cranial/superior vs. caudal/inferior

A

Toward head vs. toward “tail” or feet

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6
Q

Directional terms:

Dorsal vs. ventral

A

Toward backbone vs. toward belly

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7
Q

Directional terms:

Medial vs. lateral

A

Toward the middle vs. away from midline

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8
Q

Directional terms:

Proximal vs. distal

A

Closer to attachment vs. away from attachment

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9
Q

Directional terms:

Superficial vs. deep

A

Closer to surface vs. away from surface

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10
Q

What does the blastocoel contain that eventually becomes you (or a fish, or a chicken, or any chordate)?

A

inner cell mass

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11
Q

Together the ectoderm and the endoderm make…

A

bilaminar layer

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12
Q

Together all three germ layers make…

A

trilaminar layer

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13
Q

What is the “thickening” in the middle of a single layer of epidermal ectoderm?

Specific germ layer?

A

Neural plate

Specific: neural ectoderm

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14
Q

What moves toward each other and creates a neural groove?

A

neural folds

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15
Q

What is created when the neural folds close off?

Specific germ layer?

A

Dorsal hollow nerve tube

Specific: neural ectoderm

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16
Q

What is the general germ layer AND specific germ layer of the notochord?

A

Mesoderm

Specific: chordamesoderm

17
Q

What is the specific germ layer of the parietal serosa and visceral serosa?

A

Lateral plate mesoderm

18
Q

What are the little circles at the end of the somites? (they don’t have a name so name the specific germ layer)

A

Intermediate mesoderm

19
Q

What is the very first structure in an embryo?

20
Q

3 “types” of somites and a VERY brief description:

A

Dermatome: skin

Myotome: muscle

Sclerotome: skeleton

21
Q

Specific germ layer of somites:

A

Paraxial mesoderm

22
Q

Spinal curves

Primary curves (fetus):

Secondary curves (after birth):

Tertiary curves (later):

A

Primary: thoracic and sacral

Secondary: cervical

Tertiary: lumbar

23
Q

How many of each vertebrae?

A

7 cervical

12 thoracic

5 lumbar

5 sacral

24
Q

CONNECTION TIME!

Where are the vertebrae derived from? (think specifically)

A

Sclerotome –> Somites –> Mesoderm

25
What does the spinal chord travel through?
Vertebral foramen
26
How can you tell if it's cervical vertebra?
Has transverse foramen | (also a bifid spinous process)
27
What runs through the transverse foramen?
Vertebral artery
28
How can you tell if it's thoracic vertebra?
They have costal facets that articulate with ribs
29
Atlas vs. Axis
"Atlas spins on its axis" Atlas: C1 and circle shaped; has little transverse foramen Axis: C2 and has a dens for Atlas to sit on
30
True ribs: False ribs: Floating ribs:
True: have their own cartilage (7 pairs) False: 5 - 3 "hitch a ride" on true rib and 2 are floating