Lab 1 (FIRST MIDTERM)

Question 1

Epaxial muscles refer to the ______ while Hypaxial muscles refer to the _______.

Answer 1

back, front

Question 2

Name the plane on the far left.

Answer 2

frontal/coronal plane

Question 3

Name the plane in the middle.

Name the plane in the middle if it was over to one side instead of directly in the middle.

Answer 3

medial sagittal plane (right in the middle)

parasagittal plane (off the mid-line)

Question 4

Name the plane on the far right.

Answer 4

transverse plane

Question 5

Directional terms:

Cranial/superior vs. caudal/inferior

Answer 5

Toward head vs. toward “tail” or feet

Question 6

Directional terms:

Dorsal vs. ventral

Answer 6

Toward backbone vs. toward belly

Question 7

Directional terms:

Medial vs. lateral

Answer 7

Toward the middle vs. away from midline

Question 8

Directional terms:

Proximal vs. distal

Answer 8

Closer to attachment vs. away from attachment

Question 9

Directional terms:

Superficial vs. deep

Answer 9

Closer to surface vs. away from surface

Question 10

What does the blastocoel contain that eventually becomes you (or a fish, or a chicken, or any chordate)?

Answer 10

inner cell mass

Question 11

Together the ectoderm and the endoderm make…

Answer 11

bilaminar layer

Question 12

Together all three germ layers make…

Answer 12

trilaminar layer

Question 13

What is the “thickening” in the middle of a single layer of epidermal ectoderm?

Specific germ layer?

Answer 13

Neural plate

Specific: neural ectoderm

Question 14

What moves toward each other and creates a neural groove?

Answer 14

neural folds

Question 15

What is created when the neural folds close off?

Specific germ layer?

Answer 15

Dorsal hollow nerve tube

Specific: neural ectoderm

Question 16

What is the general germ layer AND specific germ layer of the notochord?

Answer 16

Mesoderm

Specific: chordamesoderm

Question 17

What is the specific germ layer of the parietal serosa and visceral serosa?

Answer 17

Lateral plate mesoderm

Question 18

What are the little circles at the end of the somites? (they don’t have a name so name the specific germ layer)

Answer 18

Intermediate mesoderm

Question 19

What is the very first structure in an embryo?

Answer 19

Notochord

Question 20

3 “types” of somites and a VERY brief description:

Answer 20

Dermatome: skin

Myotome: muscle

Sclerotome: skeleton

Question 21

Specific germ layer of somites:

Answer 21

Paraxial mesoderm

Question 22

Spinal curves

Primary curves (fetus):

Secondary curves (after birth):

Tertiary curves (later):

Answer 22

Primary: thoracic and sacral

Secondary: cervical

Tertiary: lumbar

Question 23

How many of each vertebrae?

Answer 23

7 cervical

12 thoracic

5 lumbar

5 sacral

Question 24

CONNECTION TIME!

Where are the vertebrae derived from? (think specifically)

Answer 24

Sclerotome –> Somites –> Mesoderm

Question 25

What does the spinal chord travel through?

Answer 25

Vertebral foramen

Question 26

How can you tell if it’s cervical vertebra?

Answer 26

Has transverse foramen

(also a bifid spinous process)

Question 27

What runs through the transverse foramen?

Answer 27

Vertebral artery

Question 28

How can you tell if it’s thoracic vertebra?

Answer 28

They have costal facets that articulate with ribs

Question 29

Atlas vs. Axis

Answer 29

“Atlas spins on its axis”

Atlas: C1 and circle shaped; has little transverse foramen

Axis: C2 and has a dens for Atlas to sit on

Question 30

True ribs:

False ribs:

Floating ribs:

Answer 30

True: have their own cartilage (7 pairs)

False: 5 - 3 “hitch a ride” on true rib and 2 are floating