MAry's religion Flashcards
When was the Act of Supremacy repealed by Mary
Autumn 1553-Nov 1554
How did parliament respond to the Repeal of Act of Supremacy
Parliament met and refused to repeal the Act of Supremacy, instead passing Act of Repeal
What did Act of Repeal do
Undid Edwardian reformation: Revived mass, ritual worship and clerical celibacy and implicitally reaffirmed traditional Cath doctrine of transubstantiation. Restored church to what had been in 1547.
What condition did parliament want before repealing Treason Act and when was it full repealed
Not fully repealed until 1554, after issue of keeping Monastic lands had been solved. Pole had secured Monastic Lands issues in Rome.
When were the Heresy Laws introduced
April 1554
When was Arch-Bishop Cranmer arrested due to his reformist Prot beliefs
Sept 1553
Who else was arrested alongside Cranmer in Sept 1553
Latimer, Ridley, Hooper and Rogers among many others.
When were Royal Injunctions issued under Mary
March 1554
Signmificance of March 1544 Royal Injunctions
- Ordered bishops to surpress heresy
- Removed clerical marriage
- Restored Holy Days, processions and ceremonies
- Bishop Gardiner begna o deprive married priests of their living and eventually 10-25% of clergy were deprived for being married
What percentage of clergy were eprived for being amrried under Mary
10-25% of clergy
When did the burning of Protestants begin
Feb 1555
Who was the 1st Prot ‘martyr’
John Rogers, a biblical translator, was 1st Prot burned under new heresy laws
Name 2 high profile victims of burnings under new heresy laws
Latimer and Ridley
By which organisation was ‘Twelve Decrees’ issued and when
The Synod (assembly of clergy like a religious parliament) met under pole Feb 1546
Role of the ‘Twelve Decrees’ of Feb 1556
Listed rules on clerical discipline and vs absenteeism, simony and pluralism.
Describe methods of censorship used by Mary
1) Two of Mary’s earliest proclomations forbade the “printing of seditious rumours”
2) List of proscribed writers
3) Possession of treasonable books would be punished via death penalty
4) Several Acts of parliament made slander of Mary or Phillip punishable by treason
5) However, still 19,000 copies of 1552 Prayer Book in circulation
How many Prot Prayer Bookd remained in circulation in Mary’s reign
19,000 copies of Ed’s 1552 prayer book
Why were there only around 1/2 of printing press in Mary reign comaped to Ed
Many Prot printers left country upon her accession
How many people were burned to death within 46 months
280
How many of those burned by Mary were bishops
5/280 were bishops
How many of those burned by Mary were female
51/280 were women
In which region of country did most of burnings take place
More Prot/ reformist areas like ports and South East
Were there more Prot deaths in Eng or Europe
Eng deaths far lower than European figures
When did Pope lift Eng’s Excommunication and what did it show
November 1554
Showed Eng popular among those w/ Cath sympathies
What does quick return of Cath items suggest about religion of Eng population
Cath tendancies had not disappeared from Eng since 1532
What have some historians suggest was the true impact of burning Prots
Increased Cath sympathy and promoted Cath and meant Eliz was welcomed by many following Mary’s death. The speed with which they accepted her Prot legislation certainly seems to corroborate this.
When was the Wyatt Rebellion
began 26 Jan 1554
Causes of Wyatt Rebellion
Linked to religious change but also driven by public distaste of marriage to Spain and influence of Cath Spain. Potentially shows support for Prot and stems from fear regarding Mary’s gender as well as religion
Which obstacles confronted Mary’s religious policies
1) Reign was really brief therefore impossible for a full-scale reformation to occur
2) Propoganda opportunities not always seized. Eg some leading Prots recanted their sins (eg Sir John Cheke) but this was not publicised
3) Critical works outnumbered work in favour of Mary’s policies 2:1
4) Pope Julius was friend of Pole but died in 1555. New Pope was anti-Habsburg and in dsipute w/ Phillip
5) Bishops should’ve been driving force of counter-ref to Ed ref but Prot bishops still seen until April 1554. Later in reign were lengthy vacancies in Bishoprics, particularly after 1557 when Pope Paul refused to confirm Marian appointments due to his souring relations with Pole.
Example of weakness of Mary’s propoganda as a form of removing Prot faith and establishing Cath
Propoganda opportunities not always seized. Eg some leading Prots recanted their sins (eg Sir John Cheke) but this was not publicised
Were literary work in favour or vs Mary’s policies
Critical works outnumbered work in favour of Mary’s policies 2:1
