MAry's religion

Question 1

When was the Act of Supremacy repealed by Mary

Answer 1

Autumn 1553-Nov 1554

Question 2

How did parliament respond to the Repeal of Act of Supremacy

Answer 2

Parliament met and refused to repeal the Act of Supremacy, instead passing Act of Repeal

Question 3

What did Act of Repeal do

Answer 3

Undid Edwardian reformation: Revived mass, ritual worship and clerical celibacy and implicitally reaffirmed traditional Cath doctrine of transubstantiation. Restored church to what had been in 1547.

Question 4

What condition did parliament want before repealing Treason Act and when was it full repealed

Answer 4

Not fully repealed until 1554, after issue of keeping Monastic lands had been solved. Pole had secured Monastic Lands issues in Rome.

Question 5

When were the Heresy Laws introduced

Answer 5

April 1554

Question 6

When was Arch-Bishop Cranmer arrested due to his reformist Prot beliefs

Answer 6

Sept 1553

Question 7

Who else was arrested alongside Cranmer in Sept 1553

Answer 7

Latimer, Ridley, Hooper and Rogers among many others.

Question 8

When were Royal Injunctions issued under Mary

Answer 8

March 1554

Question 9

Signmificance of March 1544 Royal Injunctions

Answer 9

• Ordered bishops to surpress heresy
• Removed clerical marriage
• Restored Holy Days, processions and ceremonies
• Bishop Gardiner begna o deprive married priests of their living and eventually 10-25% of clergy were deprived for being married

Question 10

What percentage of clergy were eprived for being amrried under Mary

Answer 10

10-25% of clergy

Question 11

When did the burning of Protestants begin

Answer 11

Feb 1555

Question 12

Who was the 1st Prot ‘martyr’

Answer 12

John Rogers, a biblical translator, was 1st Prot burned under new heresy laws

Question 13

Name 2 high profile victims of burnings under new heresy laws

Answer 13

Latimer and Ridley

Question 14

By which organisation was ‘Twelve Decrees’ issued and when

Answer 14

The Synod (assembly of clergy like a religious parliament) met under pole
Feb 1546

Question 15

Role of the ‘Twelve Decrees’ of Feb 1556

Answer 15

Listed rules on clerical discipline and vs absenteeism, simony and pluralism.

Question 16

Describe methods of censorship used by Mary

Answer 16

1) Two of Mary’s earliest proclomations forbade the “printing of seditious rumours”
2) List of proscribed writers
3) Possession of treasonable books would be punished via death penalty
4) Several Acts of parliament made slander of Mary or Phillip punishable by treason
5) However, still 19,000 copies of 1552 Prayer Book in circulation

Question 17

How many Prot Prayer Bookd remained in circulation in Mary’s reign

Answer 17

19,000 copies of Ed’s 1552 prayer book

Question 18

Why were there only around 1/2 of printing press in Mary reign comaped to Ed

Answer 18

Many Prot printers left country upon her accession

Question 19

How many people were burned to death within 46 months

Answer 19

280

Question 20

How many of those burned by Mary were bishops

Answer 20

5/280 were bishops

Question 21

How many of those burned by Mary were female

Answer 21

51/280 were women

Question 22

In which region of country did most of burnings take place

Answer 22

More Prot/ reformist areas like ports and South East

Question 23

Were there more Prot deaths in Eng or Europe

Answer 23

Eng deaths far lower than European figures

Question 24

When did Pope lift Eng’s Excommunication and what did it show

Answer 24

November 1554

Showed Eng popular among those w/ Cath sympathies

Question 25

What does quick return of Cath items suggest about religion of Eng population

Answer 25

Cath tendancies had not disappeared from Eng since 1532

Question 26

What have some historians suggest was the true impact of burning Prots

Answer 26

Increased Cath sympathy and promoted Cath and meant Eliz was welcomed by many following Mary’s death. The speed with which they accepted her Prot legislation certainly seems to corroborate this.

Question 27

When was the Wyatt Rebellion

Answer 27

began 26 Jan 1554

Question 28

Causes of Wyatt Rebellion

Answer 28

Linked to religious change but also driven by public distaste of marriage to Spain and influence of Cath Spain. Potentially shows support for Prot and stems from fear regarding Mary’s gender as well as religion

Question 29

Which obstacles confronted Mary’s religious policies

Answer 29

1) Reign was really brief therefore impossible for a full-scale reformation to occur
2) Propoganda opportunities not always seized. Eg some leading Prots recanted their sins (eg Sir John Cheke) but this was not publicised
3) Critical works outnumbered work in favour of Mary’s policies 2:1
4) Pope Julius was friend of Pole but died in 1555. New Pope was anti-Habsburg and in dsipute w/ Phillip
5) Bishops should’ve been driving force of counter-ref to Ed ref but Prot bishops still seen until April 1554. Later in reign were lengthy vacancies in Bishoprics, particularly after 1557 when Pope Paul refused to confirm Marian appointments due to his souring relations with Pole.

Question 30

Example of weakness of Mary’s propoganda as a form of removing Prot faith and establishing Cath

Answer 30

Propoganda opportunities not always seized. Eg some leading Prots recanted their sins (eg Sir John Cheke) but this was not publicised

Question 31

Were literary work in favour or vs Mary’s policies

Answer 31

Critical works outnumbered work in favour of Mary’s policies 2:1