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History- The Tudors > Henry VII source question > Flashcards

Henry VII source question Flashcards

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1
Q

See flashcards on

A 
Rebellions
Consolidation
FP
Gov
Law and Order
Nobles control
Finance
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2
Q

Ways to increase crown finance

A

1) 1486 Acts of Resumption (all land lost before 1455)
2) 138 Acts of Attainders passed (46 revoked)
3) Wardships took land from heirs of dead nobles

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3
Q

How many times richer was Henry than richest noble

A

20x

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4
Q

What were Henry’s 4 closest advisors not

A

nobles

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5
Q

How many nobles did court of Star Chamber bring to justice for illegal retaining

A

10 (improvement from past monarchs)

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6
Q

1504 retaining lisence price

A

£5/man/month

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7
Q

How did Hnery limit authority of nobles in Royal Council

A

Only met 5 times

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8
Q

Who did Hnery place in charge of North and why

A

Early of Surrey

Had no allies/support there

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9
Q

Hwo did Henry use marriages to prevent over-mighty subjects

A

Prevented inter-marriage of noble families

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10
Q

Example of noble fined harshly

A

Lord Beaugeuvanny fined £70,000 howeveer allowed to pay £5,000/year as would bankrupt him
Couldn’t enter land until all paid

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11
Q

How did Henry reward supporters without giving wealth

A

11 Knights of the Garter (patronage)

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12
Q

Num of noble families in 1509

A

Only 20-30 due to wardships and attainders

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13
Q

When was Council Learned in Law introduced and why

A

1495

Collect fuedal dues and wardships owed to king as fuedal lord

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14
Q

Describe his approach to finance

A

Changed from slow and cumbersome Exchequer after 1487 to chamber system. More personal approach to finance

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15
Q

Number of royal councillors under Hnery VII

A

227

But 7-24 regular attendees

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16
Q

How many times parliament meet and for how many weeks did it sit

A

7 times

72 weeks

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17
Q

How many JPs/ region or locality

A

18

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18
Q

Henry vII annual income

A

£113,000

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19
Q

Income from wardships increase in reign

A

£350 in 1485

£6,000 in 1509

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20
Q

What percentage of revenue went through Chamber system

A

80%

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21
Q

By how much did land revenue increase under Henry VII

A

45%

Rose to £42,000

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22
Q

Who headed CLIthelaw

A

Empson and Dudley

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23
Q

By how much did 1507 book of rates increas income

A

20%

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24
Q

Council learned in law income 1504-1508

A

£30,000

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25
Q

Example of Bonds vs nobles

A

Earl of Westmorland fined £10,000 after Bosworth

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26
Q

Income from knighthood of Arthur from parliament in 1504

A

£30,000

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27
Q

Custom duties rise under Hnery VII

A

£33,000 - £40,000

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28
Q

What was Henry the first English monarch to avoid

A

1st English monarch not to be surrounded by barons whose united wealth and power were greater than his own. Avoid over-mighty subjects

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29
Q

How many of Henry’s councillors had served Ed IV

A

1/2

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30
Q

Who controlled Council of North before Surrey

A

great boarder families of Percy, Neville Scrope and Dacre who ruled like independent princes with their own forces and with aristocratic authority

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31
Q

Example of Henry cutting short expensive endeavour in France ton assert claim in favour of finance

A

1492 Treaty of Etaples

£159,000 French pension favoured over conflict

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32
Q

Examples of increasing reputation and privilege abroad

A

1489 marriage allaince of Arthur and COA Medina del Campo

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33
Q

When did Arthur and COA marry

A

1501

34
Q

How many of the attainders were passed 1504-09 and what does this suggest about later period of reign

A

51

Suggests paranoia and insecurity vs nobles at end of reign

35
Q

Example of paying for reversal of an attainder

A

Sir Thomas Tyrell : £1,738

36
Q

Policy on vacant lands

A

Absorbed into crowns land

37
Q

How did Henry use class of people he hired

A

Hired lower class and not nobles so were reliant upon him for their status and wealth.

38
Q

Who else had used Chamber system of finance

A

Ed VI

39
Q

Court of Audit purpose

A

Monitor gov spending

40
Q

Examples of use of loans and benevolences

A

1491: £48,000 was raised for war in Brittany, of which £9000 was contributed by city of London

41
Q

Example of Simony to raise crown finance

A

Sold offices eg raised £300 for post of Archdeacon of Buckingham

42
Q

What did Parliament grant Henry for life

A

tonnage and poundage

43
Q

When was Arthur born and when did he die

A

Sept 1489

1502

44
Q

What does Lovell rising show about Henry’s position

A

Secure as crushed rebels and captured and executed Humphrey Stafford
Lack of enthusiasm in area of Yorkist support in Midlands and Rich III’s heartlands of support in the North Riding of Yorkshire

45
Q

How was Henry able to disprove Simnel’s Yorkist claims

A

Parading Earl of Warwick from Tower around London

46
Q

Who did Warbeck claim to be

A

Richard, Duke of York

47
Q

What did execution of Earl of Warwick in 1499 do

A

Ridded Henry of most obvious potential Yorkist claimant to throne

48
Q

How much did Henry receive from extraordinary taxation

A

over £400,000

49
Q

3 types of councillors

A

1) Nobles eg Lord Daubeney and Dynham
2) Churchmen like John Morton and Richard Fox (often had legal training and excellent administrators)
3) Laymen (gentry or lawyers) skilled administators eg Dudley and Sir Reginald Bray

50
Q

Who does historian David Loades argue was Hnery’s most influential advisor

A

His mother, Lady Margaret Beaufort

51
Q

Who made up the Great Council

A

Lords met without Commons

Occassional rarther than a permanent body

52
Q

Who first led Learned in Law

A

Sir Reginald Bray

53
Q

How does modern historian John Guy describe this body

A

a ‘specialist board’

54
Q

Was Learned in Law a court of law

A

Was not recognised as a court of law and those who appeared before it had no chance to appeal

55
Q

What does historian Thomas Penn argue Council Learned in Law caused

A

Fear, frustration and anger as it bypassed normal legal system

56
Q

By which foreign courts was Henry’s court inspired

A

Burgundy and France

57
Q

Describe medieval monarchy

A

Personal so political power and influence of an individual depended more on relationship with monarch not specific offices held. Therefore, access to king was main way to enhance power.

58
Q

How many parliaments in last 14 years

A

Met twice after 1495

59
Q

Income from First Fruits and Tenths 1487-97

A

£203,000 in total

60
Q

Historian Paul Cavill’s view on parliament

A

Operated effectively on a whole. King respected its decisions and number of private acts passed in response to local demands for improvements

61
Q

Who controlled northwest as magnate and who controlled northeast and yorkshire

A

the Stanleys

Earl of Northumberland

62
Q

How did Henry ensure compliance/lack of power of noble magnates

A

In much of rest of country relied on nobles that he didn’t trust eg Earl of Oxford and Lord Deubeney but they lacked the resources of greater magnates.
Alos created a spy network to report on magnate performance and imposition of bonds and recognizances

63
Q

By how much dud income from rents rise under Henry VII

A

£12,000 at start if reign rose to £42,000

64
Q

What was use of 1489 Statue of Uses law

A

Prevented landed property from being turned into trusts to aviod taxation

65
Q

Rebellion provoked by tax

A

1489 Yorkshire and 1497 Cornwall

66
Q

How much finance was left by Henry’s solvent crown. How did compare to Beacon’s estimate

A

£300,000 of plate and jewels
£10,000 cash
Far lower than Beacon’s estimate of £1.8 million

67
Q

See historiogprahy

A

See historiogprahy

68
Q

Min aim of Henry’s FP

A

Secure his dynasty and favoured finance over costly wars.

69
Q

FP success or failure

A

Failure with French aquisition of Brittany and ultimate failure of Spanish alliance
Success with his priorities as by mid 1490s all European powers abandoned support for Yorkist pretenders and Eng never faced an active alliance of hostile powers.
Eng not powerful enough to wage war and could affrod to be bystander in H-V conflict/Italian Wars thereofre exclusion from League of Cambra not disastrous sinace all members preocupued in Italy.

70
Q

Role of court of requests

A

Handled cases brought forward by poorer people, who previosly had no chance of justice

71
Q

Impact of money being through chamber (80% of finance by end of reign)

A

Money immediately available for royal use and the Jewel House, in Tower of London effectively became a kind of crude royal bank where financial reserves stored.

72
Q

How is Henry’s personal approach to fianance shown before and after 1503

A

Before 1503: Every entry of a receipt was initialled by him

After 1503: Every page

73
Q

Comaper Henry annual income to Ed IV

A

Ed IV £65,000

Hen £103,000

74
Q

Was Hnery’s fiancial approach a revolution

A

NO
No new revenue sources, but Learned etc managed existing more effectively, Chamber system was same as Ed IV and Chamber system was crude.

75
Q

How much was he able to loan to Habsburg

A

£300,000

suggesting a financial powerhouse in Europe and secure

76
Q

How many families in English peerage and how many placed under bond to Henry at some point

A

62

36

77
Q

Cause of Bearguvenny £70,000 fine

A

Illegal retaining

78
Q

How many inhabitants for every paid official in Eng vs France

A

Eng: 1/4000
France: 1/400

79
Q

How did Henry govern provinces/ localities

A

Reliant on aristocratic families eg Percy, Stanley

80
Q

How was Wales governed

A

Council under Prince Arthur

History- The Tudors (29 decks)

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