Male Reproductive system Flashcards
1
Q
What are gametes?
A
Spermatozoa and ova – XX girl and XY boy
2
Q
Whats the transport system of the duct system?
A
- Epididymis
- Testes
- Vas deferens
- Ejaculatory duct
- Urethra
3
Q
What is vas deferens?
A
- Sperm storage and transport organ
- Connects the epididymis to the urethra
4
Q
Whats the transport of sperm?
A
- Testes
- Epididymis
- Vas deferens
- Ejaculatory duct
- Urethra
- Expelled during ejactulation
5
Q
Location of urethra
A
- From bladder
- Meeting vas deferens at base of penis
- Runs through penis
- Opens to outside at end of penis
6
Q
Function of male reproductive system
A
- Formation of sperm
- Production of hormone
- Transmission of sperm to female
7
Q
Whats the function of hormones in male reproductive systems?
A
- Aid production of gametes
- Regulate sexual maturation and development of secondary sex characteristics
8
Q
Components of testes
A
- Ductus deferens
- Epididymis
- Tunica albuginea
- Tunica vagunalis
- Seminiferous tubule
9
Q
Whats the epididymis?
A
- Stores sperm until ejaculation
- 4cm long
- Lateral side of each testis
- Long coiled tube where sperm matures – 20 days
- Sperm can be stored for months in epididymis and eventually phagocytized by epithelial cells
- Sperm stored near tail protion and in vas deferens until ejaculated
- During ejaculation smooth muscle walls contract strongly and move sperm to vas deferens
10
Q
Whats the function of seminiferous tubule?
A
sperm production
11
Q
What is the scrotum?
A
- Sac of skin and superficial fascia hanging outside abdominopelvic cavity at root of penis containing the testes
12
Q
Whats the function of scrotum?
A
- Viable sperm not produced at core body temperature
- 3 degrees cooler
- When cold testes are drawn closer to warmth of body
- When warm scrotal skin is flaccid and loose to lower testes and increase cooling
13
Q
What are two sets of muscles in the scrotum?
A
- Darlos
- Cremaster
14
Q
Function of penis?
A
- Deliver sperm into the female reproductive tract
15
Q
What are the components of penis?
A
- Root (inside body)
- Running into shaft (external)
- Tip is called glans
- Prepuce
- Urethra runs down centre
- Erectile tissue
- Corpus spongiosum
- Corpora cavernosa
16
Q
What’s the prepuce?
A
- foreskin– skin covering penis is loose and forms a cuff over the glans
17
Q
Whats erectile tissue?
A
- 3 cylinders running lengthwise along penis
- Made of sponge like connective tissue and smooth muscle separated by vascular spaces
18
Q
Whats the corpus spongiosum?
A
- Surrounding urethra, located in middle along ventral side
19
Q
Whats the corpora cavernosa?
A
- Paired structure running side by side along dorsal surface
20
Q
Whats the stucture of the ductus (vas) deferens?
A
- 45cm long
- Run through spermatic cord into pelvic cavity, looping medially and descending along posterior bladder wall
- Terminus forming ampulla which leads to ejaculatory duct
21
Q
Whats the function of dustus (vas) deferens?
A
- Propel sperm using strong peristaltic waves from epididymis during ejaculation
22
Q
Whats the ejaculatory duct?
A
- Ampulla of ductus deferens joins with duct of seminal vesicle (gland) to form short ejaculatory duct
23
Q
Whats the urethra?
A
- Carries both urine and semen (sperm + accessory gland secretions)
- Mucosa lining contains scattered urethral glands which secrete mucous into the lumen just before ejaculation
- Three divisions prostatic, membranous and spongy (penile) urethra
24
Q
Whats the prostatic urethra?
A
- surrounded by prostate gland
25
Q
Where’s the membraneous urethra?
A
- Urogenital diaphragm
- Urogenital diaphragm
26
Q
Whats the spongy (penile) urethra?
A
- runs through the penis to the external urethral orifice
27
Q
Three devisions of urethra?
A
- prostatic, membranous and spongy (penile) urethra
28
Q
What are three accessory glands?
A
- seminal vesicles
- prostate
- bulbourethral gland
29
Q
Whats semen?
A
- Sperm
- Accessory gland secretions
- Viable for 48 when ejaculated
- 2-5ml ejaculated but containing 50 to 130 millions sperm per ml – only 200 reack oocyte
30
Q
What are seminal vesicles?
A
- The seminal vesicles lie behind the bladder
- About 5-7 cm, roughly size and shape of a little finger
- The secretion of the vesicles accounts for about 70% of the volume of the semen
- Duct of each vesicle joins the ductus deferens on that side to form the ejaculatory duct
31
Q
What is seminal fluid?
A
- Yellowish viscous fluid
- Provides a transport medium for sperm
- Provides nutrition for sperm (fructose)
- Enhances motility (relaxin hormone & enzymes)
- Causes semen to coagulate so it will stick to walls of vagina (coagulating enzymes)
- Decreases the viscosity of cervical mucus (prostaglandins)
- Neutralises the acidic conditions of the vagina (alkaline)
- Induces contractions in the fallopian tubes to move sperm towards the ova - reverse peristalsis (prostaglandins)
32
Q
What is a prostate?
A
- A single doughnut shaped gland about the size of a chestnut
- Located below the base of the bladder
- Surrounds the proximal segment of the urethra
- Prostrate gland secretions enter the prostatic urethra via several ducts when prostatic smooth muscle contracts during ejaculation
33
Q
Whats the bulbourethral gland?
A
- AKA cowpers gland
- Located below the prostate
- Paired, pea-sized
- Produce a thick clear mucus that runs into the urethra
- Secretions of this fluid prior to ejaculation neutralises acidic urine remaining in urethra
34
Q
Whats the semen passage assisted by?
A
- Ejaculation propels sperm at a speed up to 500 cm/s (~11 miles/hour)
- Accessory gland secretions – transport medium which provides nutrients, protects sperm, activates sperm and facilitates their movement
- Female orgasm
- Chemical signals directing sperm toward oocyte
