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Foundations of Health Sciences > Male Reproductive system > Flashcards

Male Reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

What are gametes?

A

Spermatozoa and ova – XX girl and XY boy

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2
Q

Whats the transport system of the duct system?

A
  • Epididymis
  • Testes
  • Vas deferens
  • Ejaculatory duct
  • Urethra
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3
Q

What is vas deferens?

A
  • Sperm storage and transport organ
  • Connects the epididymis to the urethra
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4
Q

Whats the transport of sperm?

A
  • Testes
  • Epididymis
  • Vas deferens
  • Ejaculatory duct
  • Urethra
  • Expelled during ejactulation
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5
Q

Location of urethra

A
  • From bladder
  • Meeting vas deferens at base of penis
  • Runs through penis
  • Opens to outside at end of penis
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6
Q

Function of male reproductive system

A
  • Formation of sperm
  • Production of hormone
  • Transmission of sperm to female
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7
Q

Whats the function of hormones in male reproductive systems?

A
  • Aid production of gametes
  • Regulate sexual maturation and development of secondary sex characteristics
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8
Q

Components of testes

A
  • Ductus deferens
  • Epididymis
  • Tunica albuginea
  • Tunica vagunalis
  • Seminiferous tubule
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9
Q

Whats the epididymis?

A
  • Stores sperm until ejaculation
  • 4cm long
  • Lateral side of each testis
  • Long coiled tube where sperm matures – 20 days
  • Sperm can be stored for months in epididymis and eventually phagocytized by epithelial cells
  • Sperm stored near tail protion and in vas deferens until ejaculated
  • During ejaculation smooth muscle walls contract strongly and move sperm to vas deferens
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10
Q

Whats the function of seminiferous tubule?

A

sperm production

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11
Q

What is the scrotum?

A
  • Sac of skin and superficial fascia hanging outside abdominopelvic cavity at root of penis containing the testes
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12
Q

Whats the function of scrotum?

A
  • Viable sperm not produced at core body temperature
  • 3 degrees cooler
  • When cold testes are drawn closer to warmth of body
  • When warm scrotal skin is flaccid and loose to lower testes and increase cooling
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13
Q

What are two sets of muscles in the scrotum?

A
  • Darlos
  • Cremaster
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14
Q

Function of penis?

A
  • Deliver sperm into the female reproductive tract
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15
Q

What are the components of penis?

A
  • Root (inside body)
  • Running into shaft (external)
  • Tip is called glans
  • Prepuce
  • Urethra runs down centre
  • Erectile tissue
  • Corpus spongiosum
  • Corpora cavernosa
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16
Q

What’s the prepuce?

A
    • foreskin– skin covering penis is loose and forms a cuff over the glans
17
Q

Whats erectile tissue?

A
  • 3 cylinders running lengthwise along penis
  • Made of sponge like connective tissue and smooth muscle separated by vascular spaces
18
Q

Whats the corpus spongiosum?

A
  • Surrounding urethra, located in middle along ventral side
19
Q

Whats the corpora cavernosa?

A
  • Paired structure running side by side along dorsal surface
20
Q

Whats the stucture of the ductus (vas) deferens?

A
  • 45cm long
  • Run through spermatic cord into pelvic cavity, looping medially and descending along posterior bladder wall
  • Terminus forming ampulla which leads to ejaculatory duct
21
Q

Whats the function of dustus (vas) deferens?

A
  • Propel sperm using strong peristaltic waves from epididymis during ejaculation
22
Q

Whats the ejaculatory duct?

A
  • Ampulla of ductus deferens joins with duct of seminal vesicle (gland) to form short ejaculatory duct
23
Q

Whats the urethra?

A
  • Carries both urine and semen (sperm + accessory gland secretions)
  • Mucosa lining contains scattered urethral glands which secrete mucous into the lumen just before ejaculation
  • Three divisions prostatic, membranous and spongy (penile) urethra
24
Q

Whats the prostatic urethra?

A
  • surrounded by prostate gland
25
Q

Where’s the membraneous urethra?

A
  • Urogenital diaphragm

- Urogenital diaphragm

26
Q

Whats the spongy (penile) urethra?

A
  • runs through the penis to the external urethral orifice
27
Q

Three devisions of urethra?

A
  • prostatic, membranous and spongy (penile) urethra
28
Q

What are three accessory glands?

A
  • seminal vesicles
  • prostate
  • bulbourethral gland
29
Q

Whats semen?

A
  • Sperm
  • Accessory gland secretions
  • Viable for 48 when ejaculated
  • 2-5ml ejaculated but containing 50 to 130 millions sperm per ml – only 200 reack oocyte
30
Q

What are seminal vesicles?

A
  • The seminal vesicles lie behind the bladder
  • About 5-7 cm, roughly size and shape of a little finger
  • The secretion of the vesicles accounts for about 70% of the volume of the semen
  • Duct of each vesicle joins the ductus deferens on that side to form the ejaculatory duct
31
Q

What is seminal fluid?

A
  • Yellowish viscous fluid
  • Provides a transport medium for sperm
  • Provides nutrition for sperm (fructose)
  • Enhances motility (relaxin hormone & enzymes)
  • Causes semen to coagulate so it will stick to walls of vagina (coagulating enzymes)
  • Decreases the viscosity of cervical mucus (prostaglandins)
  • Neutralises the acidic conditions of the vagina (alkaline)
  • Induces contractions in the fallopian tubes to move sperm towards the ova - reverse peristalsis (prostaglandins)
32
Q

What is a prostate?

A
  • A single doughnut shaped gland about the size of a chestnut
  • Located below the base of the bladder
  • Surrounds the proximal segment of the urethra
  • Prostrate gland secretions enter the prostatic urethra via several ducts when prostatic smooth muscle contracts during ejaculation
33
Q

Whats the bulbourethral gland?

A
  • AKA cowpers gland
  • Located below the prostate
  • Paired, pea-sized
  • Produce a thick clear mucus that runs into the urethra
  • Secretions of this fluid prior to ejaculation neutralises acidic urine remaining in urethra
34
Q

Whats the semen passage assisted by?

A
  • Ejaculation propels sperm at a speed up to 500 cm/s (~11 miles/hour)
  • Accessory gland secretions – transport medium which provides nutrients, protects sperm, activates sperm and facilitates their movement
  • Female orgasm
  • Chemical signals directing sperm toward oocyte

Foundations of Health Sciences (30 decks)

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