Anatomical terms Flashcards
Explain the standard anatomical position
body errect
feet slightly apart
palms facing forward
thumbs pointing away from body
Define supination of the hand
turning the hand so that the palm faces anteriorly or upwards so that the bones of the forearm are uncrossed.
define pronation of the hand
turning the hand so that the palm faces posteriorly or down, so that the bones of the forearm are crossed.
state the 4 cardinal planes of the body
- sagittal
- coronal
- transverse
- oblique
explain sagittal plane
dividing bodt vertically into right and left parts
explain coronal plane
dividing body vertically into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts
Explain transverse plane
dividing body horizontally into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts
also known as acial or horizontal plane
explain oblique plane
titled transverse plane
what are the three axes of movement?
- longitudinal
- horizontal
- antero-posterior
explain longitudinal axis
any action taking place from the top to the bottom through the centre of the body e.g., Spin
explain horizontal axis
any action passing left to right through the centre of the body e.g. A somersault around the belly button
explain antero-posterior axis
any movement away from the central line of the body – abducting or adducting e.g., Star jump
Ipsilateral
On the same side as the body
contralateral
opposite side of the body
flexion
decreasing angel of the joint
extension
increasing angle of joint
rotation
rotating limb away from or towards midline of the body
- can be lateral reotation or medial rotation
abduction
Moving a limb away from the midline of the body e.g., raising your arm
Adduction
Moving a limb towards the midline of the body e.g., lowering your arm
Circumduction
circular movement - about a joint
dorsiflexion
This is about the ankle and foot. Decreasing the angle between the top of the foot and the shin
plantarflexion
Increasing the angle between the top of the foot and the shin
inversion
Rotation of the ankle to turn the sole of the foot inwards towards the midline (like supination of the foot)
eversion
Rotation of the ankle to turn the sole of the foot outwards to face away from midline (like pronation of the foot)
protraction
Movement anteriorly, to the front e.g., making your shoulder hunch forward.
retraction
Movement posteriorly, towards the back of your body e.g., throwing your shoulders back.
depression
Moving part of the body inferiorly
elevation
Moving part of the body superiorly
superior
towarfs head end or upper part of structure or body - above
inferior
away from head end or towards lower part of structure or body - below
ventral
towards or at the front of the body - in front of
dorsal
towards or at the back of the body - behind
posterior
medial
toward of at the midline of the body - on the inner side of
lateral
away from the midline of the body - on the outerside
intermediate
between a more meidal and more lateral structure
proximal
closer to origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
distal
farther from the origin of the body part or the point of attatchment of a limb to the body trunk
superficial
towards or at the body surface
deep
away from the body surface - more internal