Anatomical terms

Question 1

Explain the standard anatomical position

Answer 1

body errect
feet slightly apart
palms facing forward
thumbs pointing away from body

Question 2

Define supination of the hand

Answer 2

turning the hand so that the palm faces anteriorly or upwards so that the bones of the forearm are uncrossed.

Question 3

define pronation of the hand

Answer 3

turning the hand so that the palm faces posteriorly or down, so that the bones of the forearm are crossed.

Question 4

state the 4 cardinal planes of the body

Answer 4

1. sagittal
2. coronal
3. transverse
4. oblique

Question 5

explain sagittal plane

Answer 5

dividing bodt vertically into right and left parts

Question 6

explain coronal plane

Answer 6

dividing body vertically into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts

Question 7

Explain transverse plane

Answer 7

dividing body horizontally into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts
also known as acial or horizontal plane

Question 8

explain oblique plane

Answer 8

titled transverse plane

Question 9

what are the three axes of movement?

Answer 9

1. longitudinal
2. horizontal
3. antero-posterior

Question 10

explain longitudinal axis

Answer 10

any action taking place from the top to the bottom through the centre of the body e.g., Spin

Question 11

explain horizontal axis

Answer 11

any action passing left to right through the centre of the body e.g. A somersault around the belly button

Question 12

explain antero-posterior axis

Answer 12

any movement away from the central line of the body – abducting or adducting e.g., Star jump

Question 13

Ipsilateral

Answer 13

On the same side as the body

Question 14

contralateral

Answer 14

opposite side of the body

Question 15

flexion

Answer 15

decreasing angel of the joint

Question 16

extension

Answer 16

increasing angle of joint

Question 17

rotation

Answer 17

rotating limb away from or towards midline of the body
- can be lateral reotation or medial rotation

Question 18

abduction

Answer 18

Moving a limb away from the midline of the body e.g., raising your arm

Question 19

Adduction

Answer 19

Moving a limb towards the midline of the body e.g., lowering your arm

Question 20

Circumduction

Answer 20

circular movement - about a joint

Question 21

dorsiflexion

Answer 21

This is about the ankle and foot. Decreasing the angle between the top of the foot and the shin

Question 22

plantarflexion

Answer 22

Increasing the angle between the top of the foot and the shin

Question 23

inversion

Answer 23

Rotation of the ankle to turn the sole of the foot inwards towards the midline (like supination of the foot)

Question 24

eversion

Answer 24

Rotation of the ankle to turn the sole of the foot outwards to face away from midline (like pronation of the foot)

Question 25

protraction

Answer 25

Movement anteriorly, to the front e.g., making your shoulder hunch forward.

Question 26

retraction

Answer 26

Movement posteriorly, towards the back of your body e.g., throwing your shoulders back.

Question 27

depression

Answer 27

Moving part of the body inferiorly

Question 28

elevation

Answer 28

Moving part of the body superiorly

Question 29

superior

Answer 29

towarfs head end or upper part of structure or body - above

Question 30

inferior

Answer 30

away from head end or towards lower part of structure or body - below

Question 31

ventral

Answer 31

towards or at the front of the body - in front of

Question 32

dorsal

Answer 32

towards or at the back of the body - behind posterior

Question 33

medial

Answer 33

toward of at the midline of the body - on the inner side of

Question 34

lateral

Answer 34

away from the midline of the body - on the outerside

Question 35

intermediate

Answer 35

between a more meidal and more lateral structure

Question 36

proximal

Answer 36

closer to origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Question 37

distal

Answer 37

farther from the origin of the body part or the point of attatchment of a limb to the body trunk

Question 38

superficial

Answer 38

towards or at the body surface

Question 39

deep

Answer 39

away from the body surface - more internal