MACRO: FINALS Flashcards by Juliana Ruiz

The tourism and hospitality industry generates income within a destination country

Income

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the sum of all income in a country.

National Income

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The most common method for estimating the income generated from tourism and hospitality is by determining the___________ for a destination.

multiplier

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The most common method for estimating the income generated from tourism and hospitality is by determining the multiplier for a destination.

National Income

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The total revenue of a country is referred

National Income

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are means of estimating how much extra income is produced in an economy as a result of the initial spending or injection of cash

Multipliers

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In general, the tourist industry offers more employment opportunities than other economic sectors.

Employment

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is generated as a result of providing goods and services directly to tourist.

Direct Employment

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consists of those positions that are associated with other tourism-related activities but are used by both the local resident and the tourist.

Indirect Employment

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refers to people working in positions only peripherally related to tourism and hospitality, but generated because of it

Induced Employment

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is an accounting of flow of goods, services, and funds in and out of the country during a given period.

Balance of payments

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Once an area has become economically successful, businessmen and government agencies may be influenced to invest in tourism and hospitality and other industries in that area.

Investment and Development

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This is known by economists as an accelerator concept

Investment and Development

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Tourism can drive up prices for goods and services, making them less affordable for local residents.

Inflation and Land values

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Increased demand for land raises property values, benefiting some but creating financial burdens for others.

Inflation and Land Values

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Developing countries often face losses as they import goods, services, and technology to support tourism. Profits and wages may also flow back to foreign investors, reducing local economic gains

Economic Leakages

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Many tourist regions experience low returns on investment because of seasonal fluctuations in demand.

Seasonality

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The seasonality of demand is reflected in hotel occupancy rates. Many hotels experience greatly reduced revenues during the off season. Nevertheless, most hotels prefer to remain open all year round to secure as much revenue as possible.

Seasonality

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Accommodation investments are not the only ones with a low rate of return; tour operators also face similar problems.

Seasonality

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some destinations have made themselves vulnerable to changes in tourist demand by becoming overdependent on tourism and hospitality for their livelihood.

Overdependence on Tourism and Hospitality

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Tourism is highly susceptible to changes from within and outside the industry.

Overdependence on Tourism and Hospitality

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This type of visitor is interested in being an active participant observer among the population.

Explorer

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Also known as the “jet-setter” are a type of tourist who is few in number

Elite

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He can afford to pay well for unusual vacations. His arrangements are either made by a travel agent or maybe pre planned.

Elite

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This tourist adapts well to simple accommodations and services provided for the occasional guest.

Offbeat

This tourist loves sub-exotic cultural sites, and unusual or primitive sites as long as he can quickly and safely return to more familiar surroundings and groups.

Unusual Tourist

This is a visitor who looks for the amenities of Western societies in hotels and other travel-related facilities.

Incipient Mass Tourist

He is a mixture of both a pleasure seeker and a business traveler.

Incipient Mass Tourist

He comes from the middle class. He arrives at a destination with other tourists.

Mass Tourist

There is a diversity of tastes among them and their attitude is "You get what you pay for".

Mass Tourist

The _____________ comes "en masse" with others of his kind creating an extremely high amount of business and receiving a high degree of standardization in services and products.

Charter Tourist

Tourism and hospitality change the traditional forms of employment which results in the lowering of the status of agricultural workers, migration of the population, and the breaking up of families.

Changes in the Social Structure, Behavior, and Roles

Prostitution and criminal activities.

Community Problems

Consists of tourist behaviors that can be considered socially and economically inappropriate.

Negative Demonstrative Effect

Defined as the occurrence of change in a culture, _________ is an event where a culture adopts other cultures' practices, technology, language and values

Acculturation

It happens when cultures become more alike. Both are inherently different but is similar in some ways due to their constant exposure with each other.

Cultural Convergence

helps promote a better unity and understanding among different cultures, nationalities and social groups.

Intercultural Communication

This also promotes a better understanding between tourists and the hosts

Intercultural Communication

not only benefit the local area but they also determine the future of tourism and hospitality.

Conservation and preservation of the environment

Several countries around the world are identifying areas which have the potential to attract tourists

Development of Attractions

Some of the problems affecting the quality of the environment are destruction of the vegetation, pollution, and the destruction of wildlife.

Environmental Conflicts

Tourism and hospitality affects geological formations. Some tourists collect minerals, rocks, fossils, and corals from tourist attractions; others destroy natural formations by vandalizing. Resident

Geological Conflicts

Conflict between tourists and the local residents may also arise because of damage to the area brought about by littering, vandalism, and traffic congestion

Resident Conflicts

aims to minimize the negative impacts of tourism while maximizing the positive benefits for local communities, the environment, and cultural heritage.

Sustainable tourism

refers to the responsibility that both visitors and hosts take to ensure this sustainability is addressed and maintained.

Responsible Tourism

A ______________ will make decisions based on what is best for the local communities in the long term, making sure that the actions based on those decisions have a positive impact on those communities

responsible tourist

this type of tourism involves visiting natural areas while ensuring minimal impact on the environment.

Ecotourism

It promotes conservation, sustainable use, and community involvement

Ecotourism

involves visiting sites of historical, cultural, or religious significance while promoting the preservation of the cultural heritage.

Cultural tourism

It also involves supporting local communities through the promotion of their traditional practices

Cultural tourism

This type of tourism involves working with local communities to develop tourism activities that benefit them economically while preserving their way of life and culture.

Community-based tourism

Hotels, lodges, and other accommodation facilities that have been designed with sustainability in mind can help to reduce their carbon footprint and promote environmental protection.

Sustainable Accommodation

That is conducted in a responsible and ethical manner can help to conserve wildlife and their habitats while supporting local communities.

Responsible Wildlife

Using public transport, cycling, or walking instead of driving can help to reduce the carbon footprint of tourism.

Sustainable Transportation

involves participating in activities that benefit local communities and the environment, such as conservation work, teaching, or community development

Volunteer Tourism

"making better places for people to live in and better places for people to visit."

Responsible Tourism

its focus on environmental conservation, cultural preservation, and economic benefits for local communities.

Characteristics Of Sustainable

The conservation and sustainable use of resources- natural, social and cultural –is crucial and makes long-term business sense

Using Resources Sustainably

avoids the costs of restoring long-term environmental damage and contributes to the quality of tourism

Reducing Over-consumption and Waste

Maintaining and promoting natural, social and cultural diversity is essential for long-term sustainable tourism and creates a resilient base for the industry

Maintaining Biodiversity

Tourism development which is integrated into a national and local strategic planning framework and which undertake environmental impact assessments increases the long-term viability of tourism

Integrating Tourism into Planning

Tourism that supports a wide range of local economic activities and which takes environmental costs and values into account, both protects these economies and avoids environmental damage.

Supporting Local economies

The full involvement of local communities in the tourism sector not only benefits them and the environment in general but also improves the quality of the tourism experience

Involving Local Communities

Consulting between the tourism industry and local communities, organizations and institutions are essential if they are to work alongside each other and resolve potential conflicts of interest.

Consulting Stakeholders and the Public

Staff training which integrates sustainable tourism into work practices, along with recruitment of personnel at all levels, improves the quality of the tourism product.

Training Staff

Marketing that provides tourists with the full and responsible information increases respect for the natural, social and cultural environments of destination areas and enhances customer satisfaction.

Marketing Tourism Responsibly

Ongoing research and monitoring by the industry using effective data collection and analysis are essential to help solve problems and to bring benefits to destinations, the industry, and consumers.

Undertaking Research

encompasses physical well-being, health, hygiene, emergency preparedness and accident prevention

Safety

refers to personal safety, asset protection, data privacy and crisis management

Security

One of the primary challenges in hospitality security is maintaining a balance between effective security measures and providing a welcoming environment for guests

Balancing Security with Customer Experience

The hospitality industry faces a wide range of security threats, from theft and vandalism to terrorism and cyber-attacks.

Dealing with Diverse Threats

Hotels and resorts experience high turnover rates, with guests constantly arriving and departing.

Managing High Guest Turnover

With the increasing use of digital technology in the hospitality industry, protecting guest privacy and data has become a significant concern

Protecting Guest Privacy and Data

Employees should be trained to recognize and respond to security threats, understand emergency procedures, and provide assistance to guests during security incidents.

Training Staff for Security Awareness

Implementing ____________________, such as surveillance cameras, secure locks, and access control systems, is vital for deterring and detecting criminal activity

Physical Security Measure

Hotels and resorts must be prepared for emergencies, including natural disasters, fires, and medical crises

Emergency Preparedness and Response

Each property in the hospitality industry has unique security challenges based on its location, size, and guest demographics.

Addressing the Unique Challenges of Each Property

This is the basic level of compliance. Each rules wi l have its own requirements in operating a hospitality enterprise.

Licenses and Permits

A very important consideration here is the provision of a safe and sanitary environment.

Health and Safety Regulations

Hospitality industries are big time employers; laws related to their employment need special attention in this regard.

Employment law

Hospitality regulations focus on the protection of consumers in several ways

Consumer Protection / Law

are also becoming very critical

Environmental Regulation

The hospitality industry is subject to various taxes, including: - Sales Tax - Payro l Tax - Property Tax

Tax Regulations

encompasses measures to prevent accidents, injuries and fatalities within airport boundaries

Airport Safety

for tourism encompasses guidelines and practices to prevent foodborne illnesses among travelers.

Food Safety

(DND Kagawaran ng Tanggulang Pambansa (KTP)

The Department of National Defense

Formally established on November 1, 1939.

The Department of National Defense

Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas

The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)

Established on December 21, 1935 through the National Defense Act, which was championed by President Manuel L. Quezon.

The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)

Tanggapan ng Tánggulang Sibil (TTS)

The Office of Civil Defense (OCD)

Established on December 31, 1972. The ________ mission is to ensure the safety and welfare of the people during emergencies or disasters

The Office of Civil Defense (OCD)

Tanggapan para sa Kapakanan ng mga Beteranong Pilipino

Philippine Veterans Affairs Office (PVAO)

Established on October 18, 1946 under Republic Act No. 65 created the Philippine Veterans Board in the Department of National Defense

Philippine Veterans Affairs Office (PVAO)

Dalubhasaan ng Tanggulang Pambansa ng Pilipinas

National Defense College of the Philippines (NDCP)

Established on August 12, 1963 is a government agency that aims to prepare leaders for national security and defense, and to conduct research and studies to improve national security policy.

National Defense College of the Philippines (NDCP)

IMPORTANCE OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM

1.Preserves Natural Resources 2. Empowers Communities 3. Promotes Long Term Benefits

WAYS TO PRACTICE RESPONSIBLE TOURISM

1.) Learn about the local culture 2.) Respect historical sites 3.) Engage with the community 4.) Minimize your carbon footprint 5.) Avoid peak tourist seasons

SAFETY AND SECURITY RISK AND CONCERN IN THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

1.) Crime and thief 2.) Health and Medical Risks 3.) Transpotation Accidents 4.) Environmental Hazards 5.) Cultural Sensitivities and Laws 6.) Natural Disaster-