MACRO: FINALS Flashcards
The tourism and hospitality industry generates income within a destination country
Income
the sum of all income in a country.
National Income
The most common method for estimating the income generated from tourism and hospitality is by determining the___________ for a destination.
multiplier
The most common method for estimating the income generated from tourism and hospitality is by determining the multiplier for a destination.
National Income
The total revenue of a country is referred
National Income
are means of estimating how much extra income is produced in an economy as a result of the initial spending or injection of cash
Multipliers
In general, the tourist industry offers more employment opportunities than other economic sectors.
Employment
is generated as a result of providing goods and services directly to tourist.
Direct Employment
consists of those positions that are associated with other tourism-related activities but are used by both the local resident and the tourist.
Indirect Employment
refers to people working in positions only peripherally related to tourism and hospitality, but generated because of it
Induced Employment
is an accounting of flow of goods, services, and funds in and out of the country during a given period.
Balance of payments
Once an area has become economically successful, businessmen and government agencies may be influenced to invest in tourism and hospitality and other industries in that area.
Investment and Development
This is known by economists as an accelerator concept
Investment and Development
Tourism can drive up prices for goods and services, making them less affordable for local residents.
Inflation and Land values
Increased demand for land raises property values, benefiting some but creating financial burdens for others.
Inflation and Land Values
Developing countries often face losses as they import goods, services, and technology to support tourism. Profits and wages may also flow back to foreign investors, reducing local economic gains
Economic Leakages
Many tourist regions experience low returns on investment because of seasonal fluctuations in demand.
Seasonality
The seasonality of demand is reflected in hotel occupancy rates. Many hotels experience greatly reduced revenues during the off season. Nevertheless, most hotels prefer to remain open all year round to secure as much revenue as possible.
Seasonality
Accommodation investments are not the only ones with a low rate of return; tour operators also face similar problems.
Seasonality
some destinations have made themselves vulnerable to changes in tourist demand by becoming overdependent on tourism and hospitality for their livelihood.
Overdependence on Tourism and Hospitality
Tourism is highly susceptible to changes from within and outside the industry.
Overdependence on Tourism and Hospitality
This type of visitor is interested in being an active participant observer among the population.
Explorer
Also known as the “jet-setter” are a type of tourist who is few in number
Elite
He can afford to pay well for unusual vacations. His arrangements are either made by a travel agent or maybe pre planned.
Elite
This tourist adapts well to simple accommodations and services provided for the occasional guest.
Offbeat
This tourist loves sub-exotic cultural sites, and unusual or primitive sites as long as he can quickly and safely return to more familiar surroundings and groups.
Unusual Tourist
This is a visitor who looks for the amenities of Western societies in hotels and other travel-related facilities.
Incipient Mass Tourist
He is a mixture of both a pleasure seeker and a business traveler.
Incipient Mass Tourist
He comes from the middle class. He arrives at a destination with other tourists.
Mass Tourist
There is a diversity of tastes among them and their attitude is “You get what you pay for”.
Mass Tourist
The _____________ comes “en masse” with others of his kind creating an extremely high amount of business and receiving a high degree of standardization in services and products.
Charter Tourist
Tourism and hospitality change the traditional forms of employment which results in the lowering of the status of agricultural workers, migration of the population, and the breaking up of families.
Changes in the Social Structure, Behavior, and Roles
Prostitution and criminal activities.
Community Problems
Consists of tourist behaviors that can be considered socially and economically inappropriate.
Negative Demonstrative Effect
Defined as the occurrence of change in a culture, _________ is an event where a culture adopts other cultures’ practices, technology, language and values
Acculturation
It happens when cultures become more alike. Both are inherently different but is similar in some ways due to their constant exposure with each other.
Cultural Convergence
helps promote a better unity and understanding among different cultures, nationalities and social groups.
Intercultural Communication
This also promotes a better understanding between tourists and the hosts
Intercultural Communication
not only benefit the local area but they also determine the future of tourism and hospitality.
Conservation and preservation of the environment
Several countries around the world are identifying areas which have the potential to attract tourists
Development of Attractions
Some of the problems affecting the quality of the environment are destruction of the vegetation, pollution, and the destruction of wildlife.
Environmental Conflicts
Tourism and hospitality affects geological formations. Some tourists collect minerals, rocks, fossils, and corals from tourist attractions; others destroy natural formations by vandalizing. Resident
Geological Conflicts
Conflict between tourists and the local residents may also arise because of damage to the area brought about by littering, vandalism, and traffic congestion
Resident Conflicts
aims to minimize the negative impacts of tourism while maximizing the positive benefits for local communities, the environment, and cultural heritage.
Sustainable tourism
refers to the responsibility that both visitors and hosts take to ensure this sustainability is addressed and maintained.
Responsible Tourism
A ______________ will make decisions based on what is best for the local communities in the long term, making sure that the actions based on those decisions have a positive impact on those communities
responsible tourist
this type of tourism involves visiting natural areas while ensuring minimal impact on the environment.
Ecotourism
It promotes conservation, sustainable use, and community involvement
Ecotourism
involves visiting sites of historical, cultural, or religious significance while promoting the preservation of the cultural heritage.
Cultural tourism
It also involves supporting local communities through the promotion of their traditional practices
Cultural tourism
This type of tourism involves working with local communities to develop tourism activities that benefit them economically while preserving their way of life and culture.
Community-based tourism
Hotels, lodges, and other accommodation facilities that have been designed with sustainability in mind can help to reduce their carbon footprint and promote environmental protection.
Sustainable Accommodation
That is conducted in a responsible and ethical manner can help to conserve wildlife and their habitats while supporting local communities.
Responsible Wildlife
Using public transport, cycling, or walking instead of driving can help to reduce the carbon footprint of tourism.
Sustainable Transportation
involves participating in activities that benefit local communities and the environment, such as conservation work, teaching, or community development
Volunteer Tourism
“making better places for people to live in and better places for people to visit.”
Responsible Tourism
its focus on environmental conservation, cultural preservation, and economic benefits for local communities.
Characteristics Of Sustainable
The conservation and sustainable use of resources- natural, social and cultural –is crucial and makes long-term business sense
Using Resources Sustainably
avoids the costs of restoring long-term environmental damage and contributes to the quality of tourism
Reducing Over-consumption and Waste
Maintaining and promoting natural, social and cultural diversity is essential for long-term sustainable tourism and creates a resilient base for the industry
Maintaining Biodiversity
Tourism development which is integrated into a national and local strategic planning framework and which undertake environmental impact assessments increases the long-term viability of tourism
Integrating Tourism into Planning
Tourism that supports a wide range of local economic activities and which takes environmental costs and values into account, both protects these economies and avoids environmental damage.
Supporting Local economies
The full involvement of local communities in the tourism sector not only benefits them and the environment in general but also improves the quality of the tourism experience
Involving Local Communities
Consulting between the tourism industry and local communities, organizations and institutions are essential if they are to work alongside each other and resolve potential conflicts of interest.
Consulting Stakeholders and the Public
Staff training which integrates sustainable tourism into work practices, along with recruitment of personnel at all levels, improves the quality of the tourism product.
Training Staff
Marketing that provides tourists with the full and responsible information increases respect for the natural, social and cultural environments of destination areas and enhances customer satisfaction.
Marketing Tourism Responsibly
Ongoing research and monitoring by the industry using effective data collection and analysis are essential to help solve problems and to bring benefits to destinations, the industry, and consumers.
Undertaking Research
encompasses physical well-being, health, hygiene, emergency preparedness and accident prevention
Safety
refers to personal safety, asset protection, data privacy and crisis management
Security
One of the primary challenges in hospitality security is maintaining a balance between effective security measures and providing a welcoming environment for guests
Balancing Security with Customer Experience
The hospitality industry faces a wide range of security threats, from theft and vandalism to terrorism and cyber-attacks.
Dealing with Diverse Threats
Hotels and resorts experience high turnover rates, with guests constantly arriving and departing.
Managing High Guest Turnover
With the increasing use of digital technology in the hospitality industry, protecting guest privacy and data has become a significant concern
Protecting Guest Privacy and Data
Employees should be trained to recognize and respond to security threats, understand emergency procedures, and provide assistance to guests during security incidents.
Training Staff for Security Awareness
Implementing ____________________, such as surveillance cameras, secure locks, and access control systems, is vital for deterring and detecting criminal activity
Physical Security Measure
Hotels and resorts must be prepared for emergencies, including natural disasters, fires, and medical crises
Emergency Preparedness and Response
Each property in the hospitality industry has unique security challenges based on its location, size, and guest demographics.
Addressing the Unique Challenges of Each Property
This is the basic level of compliance. Each rules wi l have its own requirements in operating a hospitality enterprise.
Licenses and Permits
A very important consideration here is the provision of a safe and sanitary environment.
Health and Safety Regulations
Hospitality industries are big time employers; laws related to their employment need special attention in this regard.
Employment law
Hospitality regulations focus on the protection of consumers in several ways
Consumer Protection / Law
are also becoming very critical
Environmental Regulation
The hospitality industry is subject to various taxes, including: - Sales Tax - Payro l Tax - Property Tax
Tax Regulations
encompasses measures to prevent accidents, injuries and fatalities within airport boundaries
Airport Safety
for tourism encompasses guidelines and practices to prevent foodborne illnesses among travelers.
Food Safety
(DND Kagawaran ng Tanggulang Pambansa (KTP)
The Department of National Defense
Formally established on November 1, 1939.
The Department of National Defense
Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas
The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)
Established on December 21, 1935 through the National Defense Act, which was championed by President Manuel L. Quezon.
The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)
Tanggapan ng Tánggulang Sibil (TTS)
The Office of Civil Defense (OCD)
Established on December 31, 1972. The ________ mission is to ensure the safety and welfare of the people during emergencies or disasters
The Office of Civil Defense (OCD)
Tanggapan para sa Kapakanan ng mga Beteranong Pilipino
Philippine Veterans Affairs Office (PVAO)
Established on October 18, 1946 under Republic Act No. 65 created the Philippine Veterans Board in the Department of National Defense
Philippine Veterans Affairs Office (PVAO)
Dalubhasaan ng Tanggulang Pambansa ng Pilipinas
National Defense College of the Philippines (NDCP)
Established on August 12, 1963 is a government agency that aims to prepare leaders for national security and defense, and to conduct research and studies to improve national security policy.
National Defense College of the Philippines (NDCP)
IMPORTANCE OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
1.Preserves Natural Resources
2. Empowers Communities
3. Promotes Long Term Benefits
WAYS TO PRACTICE RESPONSIBLE TOURISM
1.) Learn about the local culture
2.) Respect historical sites
3.) Engage with the community
4.) Minimize your carbon footprint
5.) Avoid peak tourist seasons
SAFETY AND SECURITY RISK AND CONCERN IN THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
1.) Crime and thief
2.) Health and Medical Risks
3.) Transpotation Accidents
4.) Environmental Hazards
5.) Cultural Sensitivities and Laws
6.) Natural Disaster-
