ART APP: PART 3 Flashcards
refers to the materials that an artist uses to communicate his ideas, feelings and imagination.
Medium
Since this art form can be perceived by the eyes, its medium are those materials that can be seen and occupy space.
Visual Arts
The medium for this art classification are those that the viewers can hear and which are expressed in time. Belonging to these are music and literature.
Auditory or time arts
The medium for these art forms are those that the viewers can see and hear which considers both time and space
Combined arts
An artist’s knowledge of the medium and his skill in making it achieve what he wants it to, is the artist’s________
technique
It is a process that involves managing, overseeing and assembling or putting together a presentation or exhibit for some type of historical or artistic collection
Curation
Curation is derived from the Latin word ‘curare’ which means to_______
take care
The person responsible for curation is called a _______
curator
responsible for the acquisition of objects i.e. he is the one who decides on what objects to select to be part of the collection for exhibit. A
Curator
PROCESS OF ART PRODUCTION
- the medium
- the technique
- Curation
This is the fundamental skill needed in the visual arts
Drawing
This is made of graphite which comes in different hardness from soft to hard or thickness from thick to needle-like, making possible a wide range of values.
Pencils
is drawing a series of thin parallel lines that run in the same direction
Hatching
is drawing a series of thin parallel lines and criss-crossing it with another set of thin parallel lines. This creates a tone that is darker than hatching.
Cross-hatching
is using the sharp point of the pencil to make dot patterns to create depth in some parts of the drawing.
Stippling
is at times accomplished by using the finger or a paper stump to gradually change the tone from dark to light
Blending
SHADING TECHNIQUES
- Hatching
- Cross-hatching
- Stippling
- Blending
This is one of the oldest material for drawing that is still in use. It allows for a great variety of qualities, depending on the tools and technique used in application.
Ink
This is composed of dry pigment held together by a gum binder and compressed into sticks
Pastel
is using pastel of different colors to produce small marks, thus, creating a pattern
Stippling
is using the point of the pastel to make parallel strokes creating a feather-like effect
Feathering
is like layering but using pastel. The side of the pastel is lightly drawn on top of an existing color but still making the color of the first layer visible.
Scumbling
is the technique of thickly applying the pastel by pressing it hard on the paper creating an opaque effect
Impasto
is applying a thick deposit of pastel on the support then using a blunt pen, scrapes it off to reveal the underlying color and create the design. This technique works beautifully for oil pastel.
Sgraffito
PASTEL TECHNIQUES
- Stippling
- Feathering
- Scumbling
- Impasto
- Sgraffito
This is an organic medium that comes from burnt wood
Charcoal
This is the most common surface used in two-dimensional art. Is an organic material made from wood, grass and linen rags.
Paper
DIFFERENT MEDIA FOR DRAWING
- Pencils
- Ink
- Pastel
- Charcoal
- Paper
described as the art of creating beautiful effects on a flat surface.
Painting
It is the process of applying paint onto a smooth surface (ground/ support) like paper, cloth, canvas, wood or plaster.
Painting
is the part of the paint that gives the color.
Pigment
pigments are mixed with water and applied to paper.
Watercolor
This is paint in which the pigment has been mixed with water and added with a chalk-like material to give it an opaque effect.
Gouache
The pigments are mixed with oil as its binder
Oil Paints
is a dense painting medium and gives rich, beautiful colors. It is a flexible medium that is slow to dry which allows the painting to be changed and worked over before drying completely.
Oil paint
This is pigment mixed with egg yolk (sometimes with the white) as binder. Sometimes gum or glue is used in place of egg
Tempera
This is pigment mixed with water and applied on a portion of the wall with wet plaster. The wet plaster allows the color to stick to the surface and thus, becomes a permanent part of the wall
Fresco
refers to the massive paintings on walls or ceilings using various techniques.
Mural
This is a modern medium of synthetic paint using acrylic emulsion as binder. This medium is widely used by contemporary painters.
Acrylic
MEDIA USED FOR PAINTING
- Watercolor
- Gouache
- Oil paints
- Tempera
- Fresco
- Acrylic
are wall or floor decorations made of small tiles or irregularly cut pieces of colored stones or glass called TESSERAE. These are meticulously fitted together to form a pattern and glued with plaster or cement.
Mosaic
Collage is derived from a French world ‘coller’ which means
to stick
is a technique of making an art work by gluing or pasting on a firm support materials or found objects.
Collage
This is a process used for making reproductions of graphic works.
Printing
This is the oldest method of printmaking. The technique involves cutting away (using knives or gouges) certain parts of the surface, usually a block of wood and leaving the ‘raised’ parts to produce the image.
Relief Printing (Raised)
This technique is the opposite of relief printing; instead of using the surface of the plate for the image, the lines of the image are cut or incised to a metal plate. The incised or ‘depressed’ part is the image.
Intaglio Printing (Depressed)
This includes all processes in which printing is done from a flat surface (plane).
Surface Printing (Flat)
The word sculpture has originated from the Latin word ‘sculpere, ‘which means
to carve
It is defined as the art or practice of creating three-dimensional forms or figures. It is the art form that is described as having length, width and volume.
Sculpture
PRINTMAKING TECHNIQUE
- Relief Printing (Raised)
- Intaglio Printing (Depressed)
- Surface Printing (Flat)
These are sculptures which can be viewed from all sides
Freestanding (in the round)
These are sculptures in which the figures project from a background.
Relief
This is one if the variations of relief sculptures where the figures are slightly raised/projected from its background, less shadows are created.
Low relief (bas relief)
This is one of the variations of relief sculptures where almost half of the figures project from its background, more shadows are created.
High relief
A sculpture that is capable of movement by wind, water or other forms of energy.
Kinetic (mobiles)
THREE KINDS OF SCULPTURES
- Freestanding
- Relief
- Kinetic (mobiles)
One of the process of creating sculptures where it involves removing or cutting away pieces of the material to form the figure. The sculptor achieves this through the use of special tools like chisels, hammers, saws and grinders.
Subtractive process
One of the process of creating sculptures where it involves the construction of a figure by putting together bits of the material or by welding together metal parts to create figures. Modeling and assembling are examples of this process
Additive process
One of the process of creating sculptures where it is also known as CASTING. This method involves using a mold to produce a 3D figure in another material. The material should be in liquid form for it to a poured to the mold
Process of Substitution
THREE TYPES OF CASTING
- Sand-casting
- Plastic-casting
- Lost-wax casting
One of the medium of sculptures that is a natural medium. It is hard and relatively permanent. Sculptures made from this will last for many years.
Stone
is deemed by sculptors as the most beautiful stone for sculpture. It is mined and comes in a variety of color and grain. From Romblon, Philippines come some of the most beautiful shades of this.
Marble
One of the medium of sculptures where it varies in hardness and durability depending on the kind of tree it came from.
Wood
One of the medium of sculptures where it is used for sculpture because of its three unique qualities: tensile strength, ductility and malleability.
Metal
is also known as Inox steel. It is made from a combination of steel and chromium. This medium does not rust or stain when exposed to moisture and water.
Stainless steel
is an alloy of two elements: Spirit of Edsa by Eduardo Castrillo tin and copper. Its color is reddish-brown and will corrode if constantly exposed to water and moisture
Bronze
is an alloy of copper and zinc that gives it a yellowish golden color. It is more malleable than bronze and has a lower melting point.
Brass
is finely ground gypsum mixed with water and poured into a mold. This material dries quickly depending on the size of the mold. After it has dried, it can be painted with different colors.
Plaster or Plaster of Paris
This is baked clay or clay fired in a kiln at a relatively high temperature. The major weakness of clay is its fragility; it breaks easily.
Terra cotta (cooked earth)
is the art of designing buildings and other structures which will serve a definite function.
Architecture
Most houses are built on this principle. It is the oldest construction system that makes use of two vertical support (post) spanned by a horizontal beam (linte). This structure was invented by the Greeks.
Post and Lintel
This is a Roman invention that consists of separate pieces of wedge shaped blocks called voussoirs arranged in a semi-circle. The most important part of the this is the keystone which is the stone at the top center that locks the pieces together into a single curved structure.
Arch
is a succession of arches, one placed directly behind another to produce a structure similar to a tunnel. It has two openings, one on each end.
Barrel Vaulth
Is a structure that is formed by intersecting arches resulting in four openings. The area at the center of this is called a BAY.
Groin Vault
Is a structure with the shape of an inverted cup. Iti s formed by a series of arches rising from consecutive points on a base called the drum
Dome
This is a system of triangular forms assembled to form a rigid framework. Used in bridges, theaters, and roofs
Truss
This is a structure that makes use of a beam or slab that extends horizontally into space beyond its supporting post. It is constructed to be strong enough to support floors and walls.
Cantilever
This is a structure that is built as a support for the wall. In most European churches this built to support the dome are called flying buttresses.
Buttress
refers to those materials that can support heavy weights without crumbling or breaking down
Compressive strength
refers to those materials that can withstand being pulled or stretch without breaking.
tensile strength
MATERIALS USED FOR CREATING BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE
- Stone and Bricks
- Lumber (wood)
- Iron and steel
- Concrete
is the art of combining spoken or written words and their meanings into forms which have artistic and emotional appeal.
Literature
Is the medium of literature
Language
characterized by abundance of figurative language. Used devices like simile, metaphor, hyperbole, rhyme, and others.
Poetry
This is any written work that is not real and which uses elaborate figurative language.
Fiction
This is the opposite of fiction because the subject matter comes from life. The works are all based on real people and real world experiences.
Non-fiction
This genre includes all plays or any written works that are meant to be performed. This type of literature is written with the intention of being performed for an audience
Drama
is defined as the art of combining and regulating sounds of varying pitch to produce compositions that express various ideas and feelings.
Music
The oldest and most popular medium for music is the human voice. It is the most personal as it comes from within the person.
Vocal medium
These medium may be natural or invented to produce a distinct type of sound. It produce sound by blowing, beating, plucking or through the use of a bow
Instrumental medium
provide the basic orchestral sounds. They produce tones by means of the vibration of the stretched string.
String instruments
provide the basic orchestral sounds. They produce tones by means of the vibration of the stretched string.
String instruments
produce tones by means of a bow of horse hair. Violin, viola, violoncello and the double bass are examples
Bowed strings
produce tones by means of a bow of horse hair. Violin, viola, violoncello and the double bass are examples
Bowed strings
produce tones by plucking the strings with a finger or with a plectrum held in one’s hand. Guitar, ukulele, banjo and the kudyapi (image below) of the Maranao and Manobo of the Philippines are examples.
Plucked strings
create sounds by blowing into them. The air blown causes vibration which can be altered by shortening or lengthening the column of air inside the instrument. The piccolo, flute, oboe, English horn, clarinet, bass clarinet, bassoon, double bassoon and saxophone fall under this category.
Woodwind instruments
have cup-shaped mouthpieces and expands into a bell-shaped end. Sound is produced by blowing into the mouthpiece. The sound can be altered depending on the tension of the lips. The trumpet, French horn, trombone and tuba belong to this category.
Brass instruments
make sound by hitting them with the hands, special sticks or by striking or shaking their parts together. Kettledrums, chimes, xylophone, tambourine, castanets, cymbals and maracas fall under this category
Percussion instruments
make sound by means of a keyboard which consists of a series of black and white keys. Depression of a key produces sound. The piano, harpsichord, celesta and organ belong to this group.
Keyboard instruments
TRADITIONAL INSTRUMENTS OF MUSIC
- String instruments
- Woowind instruments
- Brass instruments
- Percussion instruments
- Keyboard instruments
TWO KINDS IF STRING INSTRUMENTS
- Bowed strings
- Plucked strings
was written in the European tradition covering the years 1750 to 1830. During this period, forms such as the symphony, concerto, and sonata were standardized.
Classical music
originated in the traditional popular culture or is written in such a style. It is created by unknown composers and is basically transmitted orally from generation to generation
Folk music
originated in the traditional popular culture or is written in such a style. Folk music is created by unknown composers and is basically transmitted orally from generation to generation
Folk music
iş a genre of popular music which began in the 1950s and is inspired in the tradition of rock and roll.
Pop music
originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans in the United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Jazz
originated from the African Americans in the Deep South of the United States in the late 19th century. This musical genre incorporated spiritual songs, work songs, chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads
Blues
is a form of popular music that evolved from rock and roll and pop music. It became popular during the middle to late 1960s. It was characterized by musical experimentation and drug-related/anti-establishment lyrics.
Rock music
is a style of rock music that emerged from the independent music of the 1980s and gained popularity in the 1990s. The word “alternative” refers to the genre’s distinction from mainstream rock music
Alternative music
GENRES OF MUSIC
- Classical music
- Folk music
- Pop music
- Jazz
- Blues
- Rock music
- Alternative music
is said to be the oldest of all arts. Man’s gestures express emotions through rhythmic movements.
Dance
dances includes folk dances associated with a national and/or cultural groups. For Philippine folk dances, examples are tinikling, pandango sa ilaw and singkil
Ethnologic (ethnic)
dances are the type of dancing that are generally performed in pairs. Examples are tango, waltz and boogie.
Social or ballroom
is a type of dance which originated in the royal courts of the Medieval era. It may be a solo or concerted performance on stage accompanied by music. It is generally built around a theme or story. Examples are Swan Lake, and the Nutcracker
Ballet
are sometimes called contemporary or interpretative dances. They represent a rébellion against the classical formalism of ballet.
These dances emphasize personal communication of moods and themes and is strongly influenced by societal trends in music. Examples are hip-hop, and the popular dance crazes.
Social or ballroom
refers to those dances performed by one dancer or a group of dancers in theaters, night clubs, motion pictures and television. It combines various forms of ballet, modern, tap and acrobatics.
Musical comedy (musicale)
is a genre of literature that is intended to be acted-out or performedon stage in front of an audience.
Drama
is one of literature’s greatest dramatic genre. It is drama that presents life as solemn and serious.
Tragedy
is a type of drama that emphasizes the never ending battle between good and evil wherein good always wins.
Melodrama
is drama that is the exact opposite of a tragedy
Comedy
is drama that is the exact opposite of a tragedy
Comedy
One of the kinds of comedies where it portrays human weakness and criticizes human behavior to pave the path to some form of salvation for human actions
Satire
One of the kinds of comedies where it portray human weakness in a more subtle way. It is more accepting of the adversities of human behavior. Are seen as more entertaining, enligthening and favorable to the taste of the audience (DiYanni, 2000).
Romantic comedy
Is a light humorous play in which the emphasis is on jokes, humorous physical action, exaggerated situations and improbable characters. The aim of this drama is to make people laugh for the sake of laughing.
Farce
a light humorous play in which the emphasis is on jokes, humorous physical action, exaggerated situations and improbable characters. The aim of this drama is to make people laugh for the sake of laughing.
Farce
described as a series of images that are projected onto a screen to create the illusion of motion. This is also known as motion pictures, movies or films and is considered to be one of the most popular forms of entertainment today.
Cinema
described as a series of images that are projected onto a screen to create the illusion of motion. This is also known as motion pictures, movies or films and is considered to be one of the most popular forms of entertainment today.
Cinema
GENRES OF DRAMA
- Tragedy
- Melodrama
- Comedy
- Farce
the movies most commonly shown in large movie theaters. They typically last from 1 1/2 to 2 hours.
Feature films
One of the genre of motion pictures where it deal primarily with facts not fiction
Documentary movies
Are sequence of images, literal or abstract which do not necessarily form a narratives
Experimental film
Are specifically intended to facilitate learning at home or in the classroom
Educational film
follow the same format as feature films, but use images created by artists/ animators.
Animated movies
GENRES OF MOTION PICTURES
- Feature film
- Animated movies
- Documentary movies
- Experimental film
- Educational film
play the roles of the characters in the film.
Actors
handles finances which includes: paying for the production of the project, hiring actors and the production team, supervising the production process, and making arrangements for distributing the finished film to theaters.
Producer
develops stories and ideas for the screen or adapts interesting written pieces of work as motion pictures.
Screenwriter
studies the script, plans and visualizes how the film should be portrayed, and guides the actors and the production crew as they carry out the project.
Director
PEOPLE BEHIND A MOTION PICTURE
- Actors
- Producer
- Screenwriter
- Director
CLASSIFICATION OF ARTIST
- Visual Artist
- Creative Artist
- Performing Artist
CLASSIFICATION OF ARTS BASED ON MEDIUM
- Visual Arts
- Auditory or time arts
- Combined arts
DIFFERENT MEDIA OF THE VISUAL ART
- Graphic or Two-Dimensional Arts
- Plastic or Three-Dimensional Arts
PROCESS OF CREATING SCULPTURES
- Subtractive process
- Additive process
- Process of Substitution
MEDIA OF SCULPTURE
- Stone
- Wood
- Metal
- Plaster or Plaster of paris
- Terra cotta (cooked earth)
- Glass
- Plastic
CONSTRUCTION PRINCIPLES
- Post and Lintel
- Arch
- Truss
- Cantilever
- Buttress
TYPES OF LITERATURE
- Poetry
- Fiction
- Nonfiction
- Drama
MEDIA IN MUSIC
- Vocal medium
- Instrumental medium
CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN VOICE
- Soprano
- Mezzo Soprano
- Contralto
- Tenor
- Bass
- Baritone
TYPES OF DANCE
- Ethnologic (ethnic)
- Social or ballroom
- Ballet
- Social or ballroom
- Musical comedy (musicale)
use the visual arts as their venue of expression. These includes the painters, the sculptors and the architects. They are also composed of filmmakers and graphic artists.
Visual Artist
are more adept at writing words and arranging musical notes to entice the imagination and evoke emotions. These artists include writers, poets, playwrights, novelists, and composers. Their works ranges from novels, poetry, plays to beautiful musical pieces.
Creative Artist
express their art through execution in front of an audience. These artists are the dancers, singers, stage performers, actors, musicians and choreographers. They hone their skills through countless hours of training and rehearsals
Performing Artist
arts which includes drawing, painting, mosaics, collage and printmaking
Graphic or Two-Dimensional Arts
arts which includes sculpture, architecture, and installations
Plastic or Three-Dimensional Arts
is the vine charcoal which comes in thin sticks that is easy to blend and erase
Compressed Charcoal
is made from loose charcoal mixed with a binder and pressed into sticks;
Compressed Charcoal or manufactured Charcoal
which comes in thin sticks that is easy to blend and erase.
vine charcoal
THREE TYPES OF PAPER
- hot-pressed paper (smooth)
- cold-pressed paper (moderate texture)
- rough paper (most texture) (tooth).
Made by heating and cooling a combination of sand and soda lime
Glass
Synthetic medium made from organic polymers.
Plastic
is the highest female singing voice..
Soprano
is a female singer with the voice pitched between soprano and contralto.
Mezzo Soprano
is a female singing voice that is low and rich in quality.
Contralto
is the highest adult male singing voice.
Tenor
is a male singing voice that is between tenor and bass.
Baritone
is a male singing voice that is low and rich in quality.
Bass
Oil Paints was discovered by a Flemish painter in the 15th century,
Jan Van Eyck
Who stated: “Architecture is always about something. Specifically, it is about values held by the people who had it built their attitudes to life, their assumptions of what is real and what is important.” ???
Alan Gowans
is using a metal rod to gather the molten glass from the ftumace and shapes it using another tool.
Hot sculpting
is using cold hardened glass. This involves sandblasting. engraving, polishing and grinding to create the sculpture of glass.
Cold working
is gathering the molten glass from the furnace using a blowpipe. Air is blown into the pipe and shapes the glass before it cools down.
Glass blowing
TECHNIQUES IN MAKING SCULPTURES OF GLASS
- Hot sculpting
- Cold working
- Glass blowing
