MACRO: CHAPTER 3-4 Flashcards
It involves the provision of services and facilities, such as transportation,
accommodations, food and beverage, and entertainment, to travelers.
Tourism
Is the movement of people from one place to another for leisure,
business, or educational purposes
Tourism
is a multi-billion dollar industry that is a significant contributor
to the global economy, generating employment and economic growth
in many countries.
Tourism
Tourism has a long and complex history, dating back
to ___________
ancient times.
In ____________________travel for leisure and
education was common among the wealthy.
ancient Greece and Rome,
_____________________ was a significant
form of tourism.
Middle Ages, travel for pilgrimage
the rise of the middle class and
improvements in transportation led to a growth in
tourism, particularly in Europe.
In the 19th century
international tourism continued
to grow, driven by advances in technology,
transportation, and communication, as well as an
increasing demand for leisure and travel.
In the 20th century,
is often referred to as the “father of
modern tourism”.
Thomas Cook
was an English businessman who organized
the first packaged tour for leisure travelers in 1841.
Thomas Cook
He arranged transportation, accommodations, and
attractions for a group of travelers on a trip from
Leicester to Loughborough, England.
Thomas Cook
organize many more tours,
both domestically and internationally, and his
company
Thomas Cook
one of
the largest travel companies in the world.
Thomas Cook & Son
he is
widely recognized as a pioneer in the
development of modern tourism.
Thomas Cook
Is rich and extensive and has undergone many changes and evolutions
Tourism
For thousands of years, people have been moving from place to place for
one reason or another, whether for _______________
seasonal work or just a change of
scenery
Tourists was more inclined to search for _________
food and safety
Refers to travel for leisure and educational purposes that took place in ancient
civilizations such as Greece and Rome.
Ancient Tourism
Wealthy citizens of these civilizations would travel to various destinations to
see famous landmarks, attend cultural events, and engage in recreational
activities.
Ancient Tourism
EXAMPLES OF ANCIENT TOURISM
- Ancient Greece
- Ancient Rome
- Pilgrimages in the Middle Ages
- The Grand Tour in Europe
- China’s Silk road
During the 17th and 18th centuries, wealthy
young European men would embark on the “Grand Tour”, a journey through. Europe to gain exposure to the continent’s classical culture and art.
The Grand Tour in Europe
was a major trade and travel route that connected
China to the rest of Asia and the Mediterranean.
China’s Silk road
Largely centered around religious pilgrimage.
Medieval Tourism
Largely centered around religious pilgrimage.
Medieval Tourism
People travelled to visit holy sites and seek spiritual fulfillment, often as a way to earn
forgiveness for sins or to fulfill a vow.
Medieval Tourism
EXAMPLES OF MEDIEVAL TOURISM
- Rome, Italy
- Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Canterbury, England
- Lourdes, France
most popular pilgrimage destinations, as people travelled to visit the
tombs of the apostles Peter and Paul, as well as St. Peter’s Basilica and the Vatican
Rome, Italy
popular destination for pilgrims travelling the Camino
de Santiago, a network of trails that led from across Europe to the shrine of St. James.
Santiago de Compostela, Spain
a popular pilgrimage destination for Christians, who travelled to
visit the shrine of THOMAS BECKET, the Archbishop of Canterbury who was murdered in
the cathedral in 1170.
Canterbury, England
became a popular pilgrimage destination after the apparition of the
Virgin Mary to a peasant girl in 1858. Today, millions of people visit Lourdes each year to
seek healing and spiritual renewal
Lourdes, France
The rise of the middle class and improvements in transportation, such as steamships
and railroads, made travel more accessible and affordable.
This led to a growth in tourism, particularly in Europe, where people were drawn to visit
cities, scenic areas, and health resorts.
19th Century Tourism
The growth of tourism was also fueled by advances in communication and information,
as people learned more about different destinations and travel became easier to plan
and book.
19th Century Tourism
EXAMPLES OF 19TH CENTURY TOURISM
- Grand Tour
- Health Tourism
- Colonial Tourism
- Scenic Tourism
- City Tourism
- Coastal Tourism
- Amusement Park Tourism
- Scenic Railway Tourism
tradition in which young European men travelled to cities and cultural
centers in Europe and beyond to gain cultural education
Grand Tour
travelling to spa towns and health resorts for treatment and relaxation,
which became popular during the 19th century.
Health Tourism
scenic areas, such as the Alps and other mountain ranges, for leisure and
recreation.
Scenic Tourism
practice of Western tourists visiting the territories of European colonial
powers, such as India, Africa, and the Caribbean.
Colonial Tourism
cities, such as Paris, London, and Berlin, for cultural, educational, and
recreational purposes.
City Tourism
coastal resorts, such as Brighton in England and the French Riviera, for
beach and sea-related activities.
Coastal Tourism
amusement parks, such as Coney Island in New York and
Blackpool Pleasure Beach in England, for entertainment and leisure.
Amusement park Tourism
scenic railways, such as the Snowdon Mountain Railway in
Wales and the Durango & Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad in Colorado, for scenic views and
adventure.
Scenic Railway Tourism
International tourism continued to grow, driven by advances in technology, transportation,
and communication.
Early 20th Century
Air travel, in particular, revolutionized the tourism industry by making it easier and faster for people to travel to distant destinations.
Large numbers of people travelled to popular destinations, became a major feature of this
era
Early 20th Century
KEY DEVELOPMENTS OF THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY
- Advances in transportation
- Raise of the middle class
- Expansion of colonial tourism
- Growth of health resorts
KEY DEVELOPMENTS OF THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY
- Advances in transportation
- Raise of the middle class
- Expansion of colonial tourism
- Growth of health resorts
was a period of growth and expansion in the tourism
industry, driven by advances in transportation, the rise of the middle class, and the
increasing demand for leisure travel
Early 20th Century
Tourism is an important sector for the _________
Philippine economy
constitutes 25% of
the Philippines’ tourism revenue, serving as its primary income source in the
sector.
Coastal Tourism
Popular destinations in the Philippines among tourists include:
- Boracay
- Palawan
- Cebu
- Siargao
The origins of tourism in the Philippines can be traced back to the _____________
pre-colonial
period
These tribes communities and engaged in cultural exchanges, offering a glimpse
into their ____________
vibrant traditions and way of life.
the arrival of the Spanish colonizers in the ____________ that
tourism started to take shape in the Philippines
16th century
The Spanish expeditions led by ____________________
paved the way for the colonization of the Philippines.
Ferdinand Magellan and Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
The ________________ saw the economic potential of the archipelago and sought
ways to exploit its resources, including its natural beauty and cultural heritage, for
tourism purposes.
Spanish authorities
Under ___________, major cities and towns in the Philippines were established as
the primary destinations for tourists.
Spanish rule
hubs of trade, commerce,
and cultural exchange. During Spanish colonial era
Manila and Cebu
The ________________, characterized by grand churches, plazas, and
fortresses, still stands as a testament to this era’s influence.
Spanish colonial architecture
It marked a significant turning point in the development of tourism in the
Philippines.
American colonial era and tourism
With the arrival of the Americans in ______, a new wave of influence and
opportunities emerged, impacting various aspects of Philippine society, including
the tourism industry.
1898
Under __________, efforts were made to modernize and develop the country’s
infrastructure, including transportation systems, communication networks, and
public facilities.
American rule
Under __________, efforts were made to modernize and develop the country’s
infrastructure, including transportation systems, communication networks, and
public facilities.
American rule
This focus on infrastructure laid the foundation for the growth of tourism in the
Philippines.
American colonial era and tourism
Particularly the _________________, had a
significant impact on the tourism industry in the Philippines.
rule of President Ferdinand Marcos from 1965 to 1986
One of the notable developments during the Marcos era was the establishment of
the ______________
Philippine Tourism Authority (PTA) in 1973.
development of luxurious resorts, such as the _________________, which aimed to showcase both the natural beauty and
cultural heritage of the Philippines.
Manila Hotel and
the Coconut Palace
The early history of tourism in the Philippines, influenced by _________and
_________, laid the foundation for the industry’s development. These eras
showcased the country’s natural beauty, heritage sites, and cultural diversity,
attracting visitors who were captivated by the archipelago’s charm.
Spanish colonization and American rule
Thousands of years ago, when road networks were scarce and traveling was
cumbersome strangers arriving in a foreign land had to rely on either their _____________when looking for shelter.
Camping
skills or a local’s kindness
During the age of pilgrimage and the development of major trade routes throughout
Europe, it was mostly _____and _________ offering primitive rooms to weary travelers.
inns and taverns
The idea of a hotel built for the sole purpose of hosting guests did not exist in Europe
until the _____________
18th century
one of
the largest and most diverse industries,
employing hundreds of millions spread
over different sectors.
Hospitality
Over the last two decades, ________________have more than doubled from
around 600 million to more than 1.4
billion in 2016.
international
departures
FOUR CATEGORIES OF BUSINESS IN THE INDUSTRY
- Lodging
- Food and Beverage
- Recreation
- Travel and Tourism
Several developing countries have used _________________
as an alternative to help economic growth.
tourism development
The ___________________has concluded that tourism has a major
opportunity for growth for countries that are at the intermediate
stage of economic development and require more foreign
exchange earnings.
Organization for the Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD)
5 POSITIVE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF TOURISM
- Foreign exchange earnings
- Contribution to government revenues
- Employment Generation
- Contribution to Local Economies
- Development of the private sector
5 NEGATIVE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF TOURISM
- Leakage
- Infrastructure Cost
- Increase in prices/inflation
- Economic dependence of the local community on tourism
- Foreign ownership and management
In order to measure the economic impact of tourism on the destination area, it is
important to know the ______________________of the visitor expenditures on the
economy of the area.
Direct and Secondary Effects
The term direct means that the income is
received directly.Tourist expenditures received
as income by businesses such as hotels,
restaurants, transportation sector, tour
operators and retail shops
Direct Effect
means that the
money paid by tourist to business are in turn
used to pay for supplies, wages of workers
and other items used in producing the
products or direct services bought by tourist
Indirect or secondary effects
The term __________ is used to describe the total effects of an
external source of income introduced into the economy
multiplier
is used to estimate the direct and
secondary effects of tourism to estimate the tourist expenditures
on the economy of the country
Tourism
multiplier or multiplier effect
HOW TO MAXIMIZE ECONOMIC EFFECT
- Theory of Balanced Growth
- Theory of Unbalanced Growth
- Import substitution
- Incentives
Its objective is to minimize the leakage of money
Import substitution
Its objective is to encourage the influx of
capital, both local and foreign, necessary
to develop tourism and hospitality
Incentives
