MACRO: CHAPTER 3-4 Flashcards by Juliana Ruiz

It involves the provision of services and facilities, such as transportation,
accommodations, food and beverage, and entertainment, to travelers.

Tourism

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Is the movement of people from one place to another for leisure,
business, or educational purposes

Tourism

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is a multi-billion dollar industry that is a significant contributor
to the global economy, generating employment and economic growth
in many countries.

Tourism

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Tourism has a long and complex history, dating back
to ___________

ancient times.

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In ____________________travel for leisure and
education was common among the wealthy.

ancient Greece and Rome,

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_____________________ was a significant
form of tourism.

Middle Ages, travel for pilgrimage

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the rise of the middle class and
improvements in transportation led to a growth in
tourism, particularly in Europe.

In the 19th century

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international tourism continued
to grow, driven by advances in technology,
transportation, and communication, as well as an
increasing demand for leisure and travel.

In the 20th century,

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is often referred to as the “father of
modern tourism”.

Thomas Cook

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was an English businessman who organized
the first packaged tour for leisure travelers in 1841.

Thomas Cook

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He arranged transportation, accommodations, and
attractions for a group of travelers on a trip from
Leicester to Loughborough, England.

Thomas Cook

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organize many more tours,
both domestically and internationally, and his
company

Thomas Cook

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one of
the largest travel companies in the world.

Thomas Cook & Son

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he is
widely recognized as a pioneer in the
development of modern tourism.

Thomas Cook

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Is rich and extensive and has undergone many changes and evolutions

Tourism

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For thousands of years, people have been moving from place to place for
one reason or another, whether for _______________

seasonal work or just a change of
scenery

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Tourists was more inclined to search for _________

food and safety

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Refers to travel for leisure and educational purposes that took place in ancient
civilizations such as Greece and Rome.

Ancient Tourism

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Wealthy citizens of these civilizations would travel to various destinations to
see famous landmarks, attend cultural events, and engage in recreational
activities.

Ancient Tourism

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EXAMPLES OF ANCIENT TOURISM

Ancient Greece
Ancient Rome
Pilgrimages in the Middle Ages
The Grand Tour in Europe
China’s Silk road

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During the 17th and 18th centuries, wealthy
young European men would embark on the “Grand Tour”, a journey through. Europe to gain exposure to the continent’s classical culture and art.

The Grand Tour in Europe

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was a major trade and travel route that connected
China to the rest of Asia and the Mediterranean.

China’s Silk road

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Largely centered around religious pilgrimage.

Medieval Tourism

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Largely centered around religious pilgrimage.

Medieval Tourism

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People travelled to visit holy sites and seek spiritual fulfillment, often as a way to earn forgiveness for sins or to fulfill a vow.

Medieval Tourism

EXAMPLES OF MEDIEVAL TOURISM

1. Rome, Italy 2. Santiago de Compostela, Spain 3. Canterbury, England 4. Lourdes, France

most popular pilgrimage destinations, as people travelled to visit the tombs of the apostles Peter and Paul, as well as St. Peter’s Basilica and the Vatican

Rome, Italy

popular destination for pilgrims travelling the Camino de Santiago, a network of trails that led from across Europe to the shrine of St. James.

Santiago de Compostela, Spain

a popular pilgrimage destination for Christians, who travelled to visit the shrine of THOMAS BECKET, the Archbishop of Canterbury who was murdered in the cathedral in 1170.

Canterbury, England

became a popular pilgrimage destination after the apparition of the Virgin Mary to a peasant girl in 1858. Today, millions of people visit Lourdes each year to seek healing and spiritual renewal

Lourdes, France

The rise of the middle class and improvements in transportation, such as steamships and railroads, made travel more accessible and affordable. This led to a growth in tourism, particularly in Europe, where people were drawn to visit cities, scenic areas, and health resorts.

19th Century Tourism

The growth of tourism was also fueled by advances in communication and information, as people learned more about different destinations and travel became easier to plan and book.

19th Century Tourism

EXAMPLES OF 19TH CENTURY TOURISM

1. Grand Tour 2. Health Tourism 3. Colonial Tourism 4. Scenic Tourism 5. City Tourism 6. Coastal Tourism 7. Amusement Park Tourism 8. Scenic Railway Tourism

tradition in which young European men travelled to cities and cultural centers in Europe and beyond to gain cultural education

Grand Tour

travelling to spa towns and health resorts for treatment and relaxation, which became popular during the 19th century.

Health Tourism

scenic areas, such as the Alps and other mountain ranges, for leisure and recreation.

Scenic Tourism

practice of Western tourists visiting the territories of European colonial powers, such as India, Africa, and the Caribbean.

Colonial Tourism

cities, such as Paris, London, and Berlin, for cultural, educational, and recreational purposes.

City Tourism

coastal resorts, such as Brighton in England and the French Riviera, for beach and sea-related activities.

Coastal Tourism

amusement parks, such as Coney Island in New York and Blackpool Pleasure Beach in England, for entertainment and leisure.

Amusement park Tourism

scenic railways, such as the Snowdon Mountain Railway in Wales and the Durango & Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad in Colorado, for scenic views and adventure.

Scenic Railway Tourism

International tourism continued to grow, driven by advances in technology, transportation, and communication.

Early 20th Century

Air travel, in particular, revolutionized the tourism industry by making it easier and faster for people to travel to distant destinations. Large numbers of people travelled to popular destinations, became a major feature of this era

Early 20th Century

KEY DEVELOPMENTS OF THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY

1. Advances in transportation 2. Raise of the middle class 3. Expansion of colonial tourism 4. Growth of health resorts

KEY DEVELOPMENTS OF THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY

1. Advances in transportation 2. Raise of the middle class 3. Expansion of colonial tourism 4. Growth of health resorts

was a period of growth and expansion in the tourism industry, driven by advances in transportation, the rise of the middle class, and the increasing demand for leisure travel

Early 20th Century

Tourism is an important sector for the _________

Philippine economy

constitutes 25% of the Philippines' tourism revenue, serving as its primary income source in the sector.

Coastal Tourism

Popular destinations in the Philippines among tourists include:

1. Boracay 2. Palawan 3. Cebu 4. Siargao

The origins of tourism in the Philippines can be traced back to the _____________

pre-colonial period

These tribes communities and engaged in cultural exchanges, offering a glimpse into their ____________

vibrant traditions and way of life.

the arrival of the Spanish colonizers in the ____________ that tourism started to take shape in the Philippines

16th century

The Spanish expeditions led by ____________________ paved the way for the colonization of the Philippines.

Ferdinand Magellan and Miguel Lopez de Legazpi

The ________________ saw the economic potential of the archipelago and sought ways to exploit its resources, including its natural beauty and cultural heritage, for tourism purposes.

Spanish authorities

Under ___________, major cities and towns in the Philippines were established as the primary destinations for tourists.

Spanish rule

hubs of trade, commerce, and cultural exchange. During Spanish colonial era

Manila and Cebu

The ________________, characterized by grand churches, plazas, and fortresses, still stands as a testament to this era’s influence.

Spanish colonial architecture

It marked a significant turning point in the development of tourism in the Philippines.

American colonial era and tourism

With the arrival of the Americans in ______, a new wave of influence and opportunities emerged, impacting various aspects of Philippine society, including the tourism industry.

1898

Under __________, efforts were made to modernize and develop the country’s infrastructure, including transportation systems, communication networks, and public facilities.

American rule

Under __________, efforts were made to modernize and develop the country’s infrastructure, including transportation systems, communication networks, and public facilities.

American rule

This focus on infrastructure laid the foundation for the growth of tourism in the Philippines.

American colonial era and tourism

Particularly the _________________, had a significant impact on the tourism industry in the Philippines.

rule of President Ferdinand Marcos from 1965 to 1986

One of the notable developments during the Marcos era was the establishment of the ______________

Philippine Tourism Authority (PTA) in 1973.

development of luxurious resorts, such as the _________________, which aimed to showcase both the natural beauty and cultural heritage of the Philippines.

Manila Hotel and the Coconut Palace

The early history of tourism in the Philippines, influenced by _________and _________, laid the foundation for the industry’s development. These eras showcased the country’s natural beauty, heritage sites, and cultural diversity, attracting visitors who were captivated by the archipelago’s charm.

Spanish colonization and American rule

Thousands of years ago, when road networks were scarce and traveling was cumbersome strangers arriving in a foreign land had to rely on either their _____________when looking for shelter.

Camping skills or a local’s kindness

During the age of pilgrimage and the development of major trade routes throughout Europe, it was mostly _____and _________ offering primitive rooms to weary travelers.

inns and taverns

The idea of a hotel built for the sole purpose of hosting guests did not exist in Europe until the _____________

18th century

one of the largest and most diverse industries, employing hundreds of millions spread over different sectors.

Hospitality

Over the last two decades, ________________have more than doubled from around 600 million to more than 1.4 billion in 2016.

international departures

FOUR CATEGORIES OF BUSINESS IN THE INDUSTRY

1. Lodging 2. Food and Beverage 3. Recreation 4. Travel and Tourism

Several developing countries have used _________________ as an alternative to help economic growth.

tourism development

The ___________________has concluded that tourism has a major opportunity for growth for countries that are at the intermediate stage of economic development and require more foreign exchange earnings.

Organization for the Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

5 POSITIVE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF TOURISM

1. Foreign exchange earnings 2. Contribution to government revenues 3. Employment Generation 4. Contribution to Local Economies 5. Development of the private sector

5 NEGATIVE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF TOURISM

1. Leakage 2. Infrastructure Cost 3. Increase in prices/inflation 4. Economic dependence of the local community on tourism 5. Foreign ownership and management

In order to measure the economic impact of tourism on the destination area, it is important to know the ______________________of the visitor expenditures on the economy of the area.

Direct and Secondary Effects

The term direct means that the income is received directly.Tourist expenditures received as income by businesses such as hotels, restaurants, transportation sector, tour operators and retail shops

Direct Effect

means that the money paid by tourist to business are in turn used to pay for supplies, wages of workers and other items used in producing the products or direct services bought by tourist

Indirect or secondary effects

The term __________ is used to describe the total effects of an external source of income introduced into the economy

multiplier

is used to estimate the direct and secondary effects of tourism to estimate the tourist expenditures on the economy of the country

Tourism multiplier or multiplier effect

HOW TO MAXIMIZE ECONOMIC EFFECT

1. Theory of Balanced Growth 2. Theory of Unbalanced Growth 3. Import substitution 4. Incentives

Its objective is to minimize the leakage of money

Import substitution

Its objective is to encourage the influx of capital, both local and foreign, necessary to develop tourism and hospitality

Incentives