BSHM 21: FINALS Flashcards
1
Q
is expensive to replace and if it is well maintained, correctly laundered and properly stores, its life can be extended
A
Linen
2
Q
TRUE OR FALSE?
Soiled, worn or creased linen leave a bad impression of the cleaning standards in a hotel
A
True
3
Q
TRUE OR FALSE?
Linen may be cleaned either on or off the hotel premises
A
True
4
Q
STAFF OF LINEN ROOM
A
1.) Supervisor
2.) Laundry Attendant
3.) Linen Attendant
4.) Uniform Attendant
5.) Seamstress
5
Q
Monitor the process in linen room
A
Supervisor
6
Q
Washing, drying, and folding cloth and linen
A
Laundry Attendant
7
Q
To issue linen
A
Linen Attendant
8
Q
Take care of uniform
A
Uniform Attendant
9
Q
Ironing and stitching the linen
A
Seamstress
10
Q
Types of Linen: Beddings:
A
• Sheets
• Pillowcases
• Mattress covers
• Blankets
• Pillow protectors
• Shams
• Bedspreads
• Duvets.
• Duvet Covers
11
Q
TYPES OF LINEN
A
1.) Beddings
2.) Table Linens
12
Q
Types of Linen: Table Linens:
A
• Tablecloths
• Napkins
• Placemats
• Runners
• Biscuit warmers
13
Q
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CLEANING
A
1.) Water
2.) Detergent
3.) Heat
4.) Time
5.) Physical Motion (scrubbing or agitation)
14
Q
This can greatly increase cleaning effectiveness, but causes carbon emissions, unless using solar hot water, or water heated with renewable energy
A
Heat
15
Q
This is usually a matter of managing the process so that there is maximum time for dirt. grease etc to dissolve, and has no environmental cost.
A
Time
16
Q
It consists of a large perforated drum of stainless steel that holds the laundry encased in an external stationary shell which holds the wash water of varying capacities ranging from 7-350 kg.
A
Washer-Extractors
17
Q
Some machines have automatic sensors to monitor, overloading, wash or excess detergent and give alerts. These sensors are known as ?
A
Fuzzy Logic
18
Q
are self-service laundries where washer-extractors and tumble dryers are available for the individual user, operated with the help of a coin, card or token. They may be found in public areas like hostels, apartment blocks etc.
A
Laundromats
19
Q
have a dual drum like the washer-extractors but are designed solely for hydro-extraction at high speed using centrifugal force
A
Hydroextractors/Spin Dryer
20
Q
are machines that dry laundry by tumbling it slowly in a perforated drum exposed to hot air ranging from 400C to 60oC in low capacity dryers and going right up to 85°C in an industrial dryer
A
Tumble Dryer
21
Q
It consists of pairs of heated, padded rollers which rotate and iron flat items of linen such as tablecloths, bed sheets etc.
A
Roller Press
22
Q
It has many separate compartments to process the linens. Linen is loaded from one end and removed from another end.
A
Tunnel Washers
23
Q
These machines take linens in large capacities example 500-2000KG hence installed only in commercial laundries Machines are fully automatic They are time saving and efficient.
A
Tunnel Washers
24
Q
Machines may be semi-automated which do not exactly fold the linens but holds the ends of the linen from the other end. Fully automated machines may fold the linens automatically immediately after being calendered
A
Folding Machines
25
This is a machine which aids in cleaning and removing stains from fabrics. It consists of a spotting board, spotting gun, vacuum and a steam nozzle. The fabric is laid onto the board, spotted with a gun, steam is applied and the stain is removed by vacuum.
Spotting Unit
26
This is a machine which aids in cleaning and removing stains from fabrics. It consists of a spotting board, spotting gun, vacuum and a steam nozzle. The fabric is laid onto the board, spotted with a gun, steam is applied and the stain is removed by vacuum.
Spotting Unit
27
This is a chamber where low-crease garments are suspended on hangers and steam or hot air is circulated through the cabinet.
Cabinet Dryer
28
Clothes are hung on conveyor belts that pass through a tunnel. Hot air blowing in the tunnel renders the articles completely dry by the time they exit. It is a fully automated process that also transfers the linen to the next area of activity
Tunnel Dryer
29
This is used for coats and articles that do not crease heavily. The articles are put onto a dummy that is inflated with steam to remove creases and then with hot air to remove the moisture created by the steam. It is ideal for ironing gowns, coats
Puffer or Suize
30
This consists of several units designed for pressing different parts of the shirt which are padded and shaped appropriately. These units are: i)Cuff, collar and yoke unit
ii)Body and bosom unit
iii)Sleever
Shirt Press Unit
31
This consists of a flat padded base on which to lay the fabric along with an attached hot head which is controlled with the help of foot pedals to lower and raise it in a scissor- like fashion to iron the garments. The application of heat, pressure and steam helps to iron the article
Flatbed Press
32
MAJOR TYPES OF LAUNDRY AGENTS
1.) Detergents (Which is a major group)
2.) Alkali
3.) Bleaches
4.) Anti Chlors
5.) Sour/Acid Agent
6.) Fabric Conditioner
7.) Optical Brightener
8.) Starch
33
Its usage is known generally restricted to those cleaning agents containing significant quantities of a group of chemicals known as surfactants. A number of other chemicals are frequently included to produce a detergent suitable for a specific use.
Detergent
34
A good detergent will possess many or all of the following properties:
1. Reduce the surface tension of water so that the cleaning solution can penetrate the soil and surface.
2. Emulsify soil and lift it from a surface.
3. Suspend soil in the cleaning solution
4. Be soluble in cold water
5. Be effective in hard water
6. Be harmless to user and surface to be cleaned
7. Rinse easily to leave no streaks or scum
8. Be economical in use.
35
Alkalis used in the wash process include:
1. Washing Soda (sodium Carbonate Na2CO310H2O)
2. Sodium Phosphate
3. Sodium Hydroxide
4. Sodium Metasilicate
5. Borax (Na2B4O710H2O)
6. Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH)
36
Combines with calcium ions in hard water to form water-soluble salts, thus preventing the adverse effects of calcium
Alkali
37
Enhance the emulsifying and dispersing properties of the detergents
Alkali
38
These are used on white articles only. They remove colouring matter by their oxidizing or reducing action.
Bleaches
39
If not in liquid form, they should be dissolved in hot water in order to ensure that no powder residue remains in the washing machine which may affect later loads
Bleaches
40
The bleaches commonly used in the laundry process are ?
sodium perborate and sodium hypochlorite (Javelle water)
41
These are agents used to neutralize the chlorine bleach and are essential particularly in the case of polyesters. The use of chlorinated bleaches has a tendency to leave yellow deposits.
Antichlors
42
This is used only in industrial laundering in the final rinse, to neutralize any alkaline soap residues that may be present
Sour/Acid Agents
43
DIFFERENT SOUR/ACID AGENTS
1.) Oxalic Acid
2.) Salt of Lemon
3.) Acetic Acid
4.) Oleic Acid
44
• Sold in white crystals
• Used for removal of fruit stains, bleaching of brown stains after using potassium permanganate and tannin base of ink stains together with Hydrogen peroxide
Oxalic Acid
45
• Salt of Sorrel
• Compound of Potassium Oxalate and Oxalic Acid referred as Potassium binoxalate
• Used for neutralizing strong alkali
Salt of lemon
46
Removes excessive bluing agents and as a neutralising agents
Acetic Acid
47
• Unsuitable for coloured fabrics.
• Produces soap when mixed with alkali
• Used for grease and oil stain
Oleic Acid
48
has surface-active agents like a detergent but they don't perform the function of cleaning
fabric conditioner or softener
49
are based on cationic surface-active agents, carrying a positive charge and creates anti-static properties.
And never used on loads where starch or sizing will be used.
Fabric conditioner/Softener
50
a very fine dye, which gets bleached in course of time.
• It has a fluorescent effect by reflecting the UV rays of the sun.
The laundry blue in a powder form tends to accumulate in the weave of the fabric and causes it to turn grey and is no longer used in modern laundries
Optical Brightener
51
This is a stiffening agent used to impart a better appearance to the fabric
Starch
52
Types of starch
•Hot-Water Starches
•Cold-Water Starches
• Gelatin
• Glue
• Synthetic Sizing
53
is defined as a discolouration brought about by contact with a foreign substance which is difficult to remove.
Stain
54
GENERAL RULES FOR STAIN REMOVALS
• Identify the stain
• Deal with the stain as quickly as possible. Remove excess staining material immediately.
• Test the stain removal agent in an inconspicuous place.
• Avoid hot water with an unknown stain.
• Use simple methods before resorting to the use of chemicals.
• Use milder agents then stronger ones.
• Repeated mild applications are better than one strong one.
• Ensure that the stain removal agent has been neutralized or washed away.
55
TWO MAJOR FACTORS OF STAIN REMOVAL
1.) Stain removal agent
2.) Method of stain removal
56
Stains can be classified based on:
• Based on color, texture, and smell
57
CLASSIFICATION OF STAIN BASED ON SOURCE
1.) Animal Stains
2.) Vegetable Stains
3.) Grease and oil stains
4.) Mineral Stain
5.) Dye Stain
6.) Wax Stains
7.) Acidic Stains
58
CLASSIFICATION OF STAINS BASED ON DEGREE OF ABSORPTION
1.) Absorbed stains
2.) Built up
3.) Compound
59
five main stain removing agents:
• Organic solvents
• Acids
• Alkalis
• Bleaches
• Enzymes
60
These dissolve grease and require care because they are inflammable and harmful if inhaled. Generally, it does not harm any fibres or dyes. When using, an absorbent cloth should be placed underneath and work from the outside of the stain inwards.
Organic Solvents
61
can be used on most white fabrics, but most coloured ones get affected. They affect all animal fibres. It is always better to use weak acidic solutions several times than using stronger acidic solution. After treatment, wash using detergent or thorough rinsing should be done.
Acids
62
TRUE OR FALSE?
Acids remove metal stains (especially iron moulds, rust and iron stain left by blood).
True
63
remove old and heavy vegetable stains (tea, coffee, wine, etc.) from white linen or cotton effectively. Animal fibres may be adversely affected by it.
Alkali
64
the process in which a coloured substance is changed into a colourless one. It weakens fabrics; hence extreme care should be taken.
Bleaches
65
like powdered pepsin are used to remove protein stains like egg. perspiration, blood, etc. at a temperature of 40-50 degrees
Enzymes
66
STAIN REMOVAL METHOD: ACCORDING TO MODE OF ACTION
1.) Solvent Action
2.) Mechanical Action
3.) Chemical Action
4.) Absorption
67
STAIN REMOVAL METHOD: ACCORDING TO METHOD OF APPLICATION
1.) Drop Method
2.) Dip Method
3.) Steam Method
4.) Sponge Method
68
FLOW OF LINEN
1.) Collecting soiled linens
2.) Transporting soiled linens to the laundry
3.) Sorting
4.) Washing
5.) Extracting and Drying
6.) Finishing
7.) Folding
8.) Storing
9.) Transfering linens to use areas
69
is traditionally the chief manservant of a large household. He is in charge of all other servants in the house.
Butler
70
is traditionally a man's male attendant who is responsible for his clothes and appearance. Are typically responsible for the clothes, and personal belongings of the employers and other minor details
Valet
71
Personality Needed by a Valet / Butler Attendant
1.) Leadership
2.) Excellent Communication
3.) Patience and Focus
4.) Active Listening
5.) Diplomacy
72
Roles of a Valet Attendant
• Housekeeper
• Confidant
• Guide
• Concierge
• Organizer
• Supervisor
• Guest Relations
73
OTHER ROLES OF VALET ATTENDANT
1.) A front of house member of staff
2.) A guest contact staff member
3.) A service provider
74
Standard for Guest Safety and Confidentiality
1. Be Transparent
2. Employee Training
3. Restrict Access to Sensitive Information
4. Never Sell Information
5. Work with MPS
75
refers to the maintenance of healthy and hygienic condition that is free from disease causing organism.
Sanitation
76
means being free from visible dirt or oil
Clean
77
means free from disease causing organism and other harmful contaminants which are often not visible to the eyes
Sanitary
78
includes organic waste, e.g. kitchen waste, vegetables, fruits, flowers, leaves from the garden and paper.
Biodegradable waste
79
can be further segregated into:
A. Recyclable waste
B. Toxic Waste
C. Soiled
Non-biodegradable waste
80
means separating, collecting processing, marketing and ultimately using a material that would have been thrown away
Recycling
81
Advantages of Recycling:
1. Recycling minimizes the use of landfills and incinerators in reducing waste.
2. Recycling protects our health and environment when harmful substances are removed from the waste stream.
3. Recycling conserves our natural resources because it reduces the need for raw materials.
82
Goods Made of Recycle Materials
1. Paper
2. Yard trimmings
3. Glass
4. Aluminum
5. Other metals
6. Batteries.
7. Used motor oil
8. Plastics
9. Other Household items
83
Some measures that are being adopted to facilitate recycling of waste:
1.Curbside Collection
2.Drop off centers
3.Buy pack centers
4. Waste companies
84
Kinds of Pests:
A. Rats, Rodent or Mice
B. Roaches (German, American, Oriental)
C. Flies
D. Mosquitoes
85
Pesticides Label:
Lightly toxic
Moderate low
Lightly toxic
Relatively Non- toxic
86
Methods of Applying Insecticides
1.) Spraying
2.) Misting
3.) Fogging
87
refers to dispensing of pesticide on affected areas by the use of sprayer or compressed air sprayer.
Spraying
88
releasing pesticide chemicals with the use of misting machine
Misting
89
makes use of a gaseous form of pesticide coming from a fogging machine that can reach high / unreachable areas
Fogging
90
Types of Security
1.) Physical Aspect
2.) Safety and Security of persons
3.) Safety and Security of system
91
10 IMPORTANT SAFETY AND SECURITY MEASURES IN HOTEL
1.) Key card locks
2.) Security Guards
3.) Security Cameras
4.) Fire Alarm
5.) Emergency Power
6.) Emergency Manual
7.) Employee Photo ID
8.) In room safes
9.) Guest Elevator
10.) Defibrillation Units
92
MAIN CAUSES OF FIRE
• Smoking
• Gas Leaks
• Combustible Waste
• Kitchen
93
TYPES OF FIRE
1.) Class A Fire
2.) Class B Fire
3.) Class C Fire
4.) Class D Fire
5.) Class E Fire
94
It is the fire of wood, paper, linen and similar dry materials. They are extinguished by cooling and quenching effect of water
Class A Fire
95
include fires of oil, gasoline, grease and other petroleum product
Class B Fire
96
These are the fires of pressurized gases. For e.g. L.P.G., most of the gases are lighter than air but L.P.G. is heavier than air. Water is not to be used for this class of fire.
Class C Fire
97
These are fire of metals having low burning temperature for e. g. Na, Mg etc. This class of fire does not exist in the hotel.
Class D Fire
98
These are electrical fire. The fire extinguishing agent must not conduct electrical energy which could spread the fire
Class E Fire
99
SYSTEMS OF FIRE PROTECTION
1.) Portable Fire Extinguisher
2.) Stationary Fire Fighting System
100
PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER
1.) Soda Acid Fire Extinguisher
2.) CaCI 2 Fire Extinguisher
3.) Foam Type Extinguisher
4.) CO 2 Fire Extinguisher
5.) D.C.P Extinguisher
101
It is used for class A fire The extinguishing agent is H20. The fire extinguisher is a cylinder type of pan in which a rubber or flexible hose is attached to the top
Soda acid fire extinguisher
102
It is also used on class A fire, CaCl2 is a salt which when added to water form brine which has very low freezing temperature.
CaCl2 fire extinguisher
103
It is used on class B type of fire. The extinguisher is charged with special chemical (Al2S104)
Foam type extinguisher
104
It is used on C, D and E class of fire. The CO2 types spray a chemical fog towards the fire
CO2 fire extinguisher
105
It can be used on C, D and E class of fire. The most common extinguishing agent is sodium bicarbonate or plain baking soda. The extinguisher is charged with the dry chemical and a small tank of CO2 gas
D.C.P. extinguisher-
106
STATIONARY FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
1.) Automatic sprinklers
2.) Fire Hose System
107
it is generally mounted just below the ceiling height with a temperature detector or smoke detector, attached with each sprinkler.
Automatic sprinklers
108
It is a semi portable system. In this system the fire hose box is permanently located but the flexible hose can be moved to various distances throughout the building.
Fire Hose System
