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College Course > BSHM 21: FINALS > Flashcards

BSHM 21: FINALS Flashcards

1
Q

is expensive to replace and if it is well maintained, correctly laundered and properly stores, its life can be extended

A

Linen

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2
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?
Soiled, worn or creased linen leave a bad impression of the cleaning standards in a hotel

A

True

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3
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?
Linen may be cleaned either on or off the hotel premises

A

True

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4
Q

STAFF OF LINEN ROOM

A

1.) Supervisor
2.) Laundry Attendant
3.) Linen Attendant
4.) Uniform Attendant
5.) Seamstress

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5
Q

Monitor the process in linen room

A

Supervisor

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6
Q

Washing, drying, and folding cloth and linen

A

Laundry Attendant

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7
Q

To issue linen

A

Linen Attendant

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8
Q

Take care of uniform

A

Uniform Attendant

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9
Q

Ironing and stitching the linen

A

Seamstress

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10
Q

Types of Linen: Beddings:

A

• Sheets
• Pillowcases
• Mattress covers
• Blankets
• Pillow protectors
• Shams
• Bedspreads
• Duvets.
• Duvet Covers

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11
Q

TYPES OF LINEN

A

1.) Beddings
2.) Table Linens

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12
Q

Types of Linen: Table Linens:

A

• Tablecloths
• Napkins
• Placemats
• Runners
• Biscuit warmers

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13
Q

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CLEANING

A

1.) Water
2.) Detergent
3.) Heat
4.) Time
5.) Physical Motion (scrubbing or agitation)

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14
Q

This can greatly increase cleaning effectiveness, but causes carbon emissions, unless using solar hot water, or water heated with renewable energy

A

Heat

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15
Q

This is usually a matter of managing the process so that there is maximum time for dirt. grease etc to dissolve, and has no environmental cost.

A

Time

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16
Q

It consists of a large perforated drum of stainless steel that holds the laundry encased in an external stationary shell which holds the wash water of varying capacities ranging from 7-350 kg.

A

Washer-Extractors

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17
Q

Some machines have automatic sensors to monitor, overloading, wash or excess detergent and give alerts. These sensors are known as ?

A

Fuzzy Logic

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18
Q

are self-service laundries where washer-extractors and tumble dryers are available for the individual user, operated with the help of a coin, card or token. They may be found in public areas like hostels, apartment blocks etc.

A

Laundromats

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19
Q

have a dual drum like the washer-extractors but are designed solely for hydro-extraction at high speed using centrifugal force

A

Hydroextractors/Spin Dryer

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20
Q

are machines that dry laundry by tumbling it slowly in a perforated drum exposed to hot air ranging from 400C to 60oC in low capacity dryers and going right up to 85°C in an industrial dryer

A

Tumble Dryer

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21
Q

It consists of pairs of heated, padded rollers which rotate and iron flat items of linen such as tablecloths, bed sheets etc.

A

Roller Press

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22
Q

It has many separate compartments to process the linens. Linen is loaded from one end and removed from another end.

A

Tunnel Washers

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23
Q

These machines take linens in large capacities example 500-2000KG hence installed only in commercial laundries Machines are fully automatic They are time saving and efficient.

A

Tunnel Washers

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24
Q

Machines may be semi-automated which do not exactly fold the linens but holds the ends of the linen from the other end. Fully automated machines may fold the linens automatically immediately after being calendered

A

Folding Machines

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25
Q

This is a machine which aids in cleaning and removing stains from fabrics. It consists of a spotting board, spotting gun, vacuum and a steam nozzle. The fabric is laid onto the board, spotted with a gun, steam is applied and the stain is removed by vacuum.

A

Spotting Unit

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26
Q

This is a machine which aids in cleaning and removing stains from fabrics. It consists of a spotting board, spotting gun, vacuum and a steam nozzle. The fabric is laid onto the board, spotted with a gun, steam is applied and the stain is removed by vacuum.

A

Spotting Unit

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27
Q

This is a chamber where low-crease garments are suspended on hangers and steam or hot air is circulated through the cabinet.

A

Cabinet Dryer

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28
Q

Clothes are hung on conveyor belts that pass through a tunnel. Hot air blowing in the tunnel renders the articles completely dry by the time they exit. It is a fully automated process that also transfers the linen to the next area of activity

A

Tunnel Dryer

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29
Q

This is used for coats and articles that do not crease heavily. The articles are put onto a dummy that is inflated with steam to remove creases and then with hot air to remove the moisture created by the steam. It is ideal for ironing gowns, coats

A

Puffer or Suize

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30
Q

This consists of several units designed for pressing different parts of the shirt which are padded and shaped appropriately. These units are: i)Cuff, collar and yoke unit
ii)Body and bosom unit
iii)Sleever

A

Shirt Press Unit

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31
Q

This consists of a flat padded base on which to lay the fabric along with an attached hot head which is controlled with the help of foot pedals to lower and raise it in a scissor- like fashion to iron the garments. The application of heat, pressure and steam helps to iron the article

A

Flatbed Press

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32
Q

MAJOR TYPES OF LAUNDRY AGENTS

A

1.) Detergents (Which is a major group)
2.) Alkali
3.) Bleaches
4.) Anti Chlors
5.) Sour/Acid Agent
6.) Fabric Conditioner
7.) Optical Brightener
8.) Starch

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33
Q

Its usage is known generally restricted to those cleaning agents containing significant quantities of a group of chemicals known as surfactants. A number of other chemicals are frequently included to produce a detergent suitable for a specific use.

A

Detergent

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34
Q

A good detergent will possess many or all of the following properties:

A
  1. Reduce the surface tension of water so that the cleaning solution can penetrate the soil and surface.
  2. Emulsify soil and lift it from a surface.
  3. Suspend soil in the cleaning solution
  4. Be soluble in cold water
  5. Be effective in hard water
  6. Be harmless to user and surface to be cleaned
  7. Rinse easily to leave no streaks or scum
  8. Be economical in use.
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35
Q

Alkalis used in the wash process include:

A
  1. Washing Soda (sodium Carbonate Na2CO310H2O)
  2. Sodium Phosphate
  3. Sodium Hydroxide
  4. Sodium Metasilicate
  5. Borax (Na2B4O710H2O)
  6. Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH)
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36
Q

Combines with calcium ions in hard water to form water-soluble salts, thus preventing the adverse effects of calcium

A

Alkali

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37
Q

Enhance the emulsifying and dispersing properties of the detergents

A

Alkali

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38
Q

These are used on white articles only. They remove colouring matter by their oxidizing or reducing action.

A

Bleaches

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39
Q

If not in liquid form, they should be dissolved in hot water in order to ensure that no powder residue remains in the washing machine which may affect later loads

A

Bleaches

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40
Q

The bleaches commonly used in the laundry process are ?

A

sodium perborate and sodium hypochlorite (Javelle water)

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41
Q

These are agents used to neutralize the chlorine bleach and are essential particularly in the case of polyesters. The use of chlorinated bleaches has a tendency to leave yellow deposits.

A

Antichlors

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42
Q

This is used only in industrial laundering in the final rinse, to neutralize any alkaline soap residues that may be present

A

Sour/Acid Agents

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43
Q

DIFFERENT SOUR/ACID AGENTS

A

1.) Oxalic Acid
2.) Salt of Lemon
3.) Acetic Acid
4.) Oleic Acid

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44
Q

• Sold in white crystals
• Used for removal of fruit stains, bleaching of brown stains after using potassium permanganate and tannin base of ink stains together with Hydrogen peroxide

A

Oxalic Acid

45
Q

• Salt of Sorrel
• Compound of Potassium Oxalate and Oxalic Acid referred as Potassium binoxalate
• Used for neutralizing strong alkali

A

Salt of lemon

46
Q

Removes excessive bluing agents and as a neutralising agents

A

Acetic Acid

47
Q

• Unsuitable for coloured fabrics.
• Produces soap when mixed with alkali
• Used for grease and oil stain

A

Oleic Acid

48
Q

has surface-active agents like a detergent but they don’t perform the function of cleaning

A

fabric conditioner or softener

49
Q

are based on cationic surface-active agents, carrying a positive charge and creates anti-static properties.
And never used on loads where starch or sizing will be used.

A

Fabric conditioner/Softener

50
Q

a very fine dye, which gets bleached in course of time.
• It has a fluorescent effect by reflecting the UV rays of the sun.
The laundry blue in a powder form tends to accumulate in the weave of the fabric and causes it to turn grey and is no longer used in modern laundries

A

Optical Brightener

51
Q

This is a stiffening agent used to impart a better appearance to the fabric

A

Starch

52
Q

Types of starch

A

•Hot-Water Starches
•Cold-Water Starches
• Gelatin
• Glue
• Synthetic Sizing

53
Q

is defined as a discolouration brought about by contact with a foreign substance which is difficult to remove.

A

Stain

54
Q

GENERAL RULES FOR STAIN REMOVALS

A

• Identify the stain
• Deal with the stain as quickly as possible. Remove excess staining material immediately.
• Test the stain removal agent in an inconspicuous place.
• Avoid hot water with an unknown stain.
• Use simple methods before resorting to the use of chemicals.
• Use milder agents then stronger ones.
• Repeated mild applications are better than one strong one.
• Ensure that the stain removal agent has been neutralized or washed away.

55
Q

TWO MAJOR FACTORS OF STAIN REMOVAL

A

1.) Stain removal agent
2.) Method of stain removal

56
Q

Stains can be classified based on:

A

• Based on color, texture, and smell

57
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF STAIN BASED ON SOURCE

A

1.) Animal Stains
2.) Vegetable Stains
3.) Grease and oil stains
4.) Mineral Stain
5.) Dye Stain
6.) Wax Stains
7.) Acidic Stains

58
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF STAINS BASED ON DEGREE OF ABSORPTION

A

1.) Absorbed stains
2.) Built up
3.) Compound

59
Q

five main stain removing agents:

A

• Organic solvents
• Acids
• Alkalis
• Bleaches
• Enzymes

60
Q

These dissolve grease and require care because they are inflammable and harmful if inhaled. Generally, it does not harm any fibres or dyes. When using, an absorbent cloth should be placed underneath and work from the outside of the stain inwards.

A

Organic Solvents

61
Q

can be used on most white fabrics, but most coloured ones get affected. They affect all animal fibres. It is always better to use weak acidic solutions several times than using stronger acidic solution. After treatment, wash using detergent or thorough rinsing should be done.

A

Acids

62
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?
Acids remove metal stains (especially iron moulds, rust and iron stain left by blood).

A

True

63
Q

remove old and heavy vegetable stains (tea, coffee, wine, etc.) from white linen or cotton effectively. Animal fibres may be adversely affected by it.

A

Alkali

64
Q

the process in which a coloured substance is changed into a colourless one. It weakens fabrics; hence extreme care should be taken.

A

Bleaches

65
Q

like powdered pepsin are used to remove protein stains like egg. perspiration, blood, etc. at a temperature of 40-50 degrees

A

Enzymes

66
Q

STAIN REMOVAL METHOD: ACCORDING TO MODE OF ACTION

A

1.) Solvent Action
2.) Mechanical Action
3.) Chemical Action
4.) Absorption

67
Q

STAIN REMOVAL METHOD: ACCORDING TO METHOD OF APPLICATION

A

1.) Drop Method
2.) Dip Method
3.) Steam Method
4.) Sponge Method

68
Q

FLOW OF LINEN

A

1.) Collecting soiled linens
2.) Transporting soiled linens to the laundry
3.) Sorting
4.) Washing
5.) Extracting and Drying
6.) Finishing
7.) Folding
8.) Storing
9.) Transfering linens to use areas

69
Q

is traditionally the chief manservant of a large household. He is in charge of all other servants in the house.

A

Butler

70
Q

is traditionally a man’s male attendant who is responsible for his clothes and appearance. Are typically responsible for the clothes, and personal belongings of the employers and other minor details

A

Valet

71
Q

Personality Needed by a Valet / Butler Attendant

A

1.) Leadership
2.) Excellent Communication
3.) Patience and Focus
4.) Active Listening
5.) Diplomacy

72
Q

Roles of a Valet Attendant

A

• Housekeeper
• Confidant
• Guide
• Concierge
• Organizer
• Supervisor
• Guest Relations

73
Q

OTHER ROLES OF VALET ATTENDANT

A

1.) A front of house member of staff
2.) A guest contact staff member
3.) A service provider

74
Q

Standard for Guest Safety and Confidentiality

A
  1. Be Transparent
  2. Employee Training
  3. Restrict Access to Sensitive Information
  4. Never Sell Information
  5. Work with MPS
75
Q

refers to the maintenance of healthy and hygienic condition that is free from disease causing organism.

A

Sanitation

76
Q

means being free from visible dirt or oil

A

Clean

77
Q

means free from disease causing organism and other harmful contaminants which are often not visible to the eyes

A

Sanitary

78
Q

includes organic waste, e.g. kitchen waste, vegetables, fruits, flowers, leaves from the garden and paper.

A

Biodegradable waste

79
Q

can be further segregated into:
A. Recyclable waste
B. Toxic Waste
C. Soiled

A

Non-biodegradable waste

80
Q

means separating, collecting processing, marketing and ultimately using a material that would have been thrown away

A

Recycling

81
Q

Advantages of Recycling:

A
  1. Recycling minimizes the use of landfills and incinerators in reducing waste.
  2. Recycling protects our health and environment when harmful substances are removed from the waste stream.
  3. Recycling conserves our natural resources because it reduces the need for raw materials.
82
Q

Goods Made of Recycle Materials

A
  1. Paper
  2. Yard trimmings
  3. Glass
  4. Aluminum
  5. Other metals
  6. Batteries.
  7. Used motor oil
  8. Plastics
  9. Other Household items
83
Q

Some measures that are being adopted to facilitate recycling of waste:

A

1.Curbside Collection
2.Drop off centers
3.Buy pack centers
4. Waste companies

84
Q

Kinds of Pests:

A

A. Rats, Rodent or Mice
B. Roaches (German, American, Oriental)
C. Flies
D. Mosquitoes

85
Q

Pesticides Label:

A

Lightly toxic
Moderate low
Lightly toxic
Relatively Non- toxic

86
Q

Methods of Applying Insecticides

A

1.) Spraying
2.) Misting
3.) Fogging

87
Q

refers to dispensing of pesticide on affected areas by the use of sprayer or compressed air sprayer.

A

Spraying

88
Q

releasing pesticide chemicals with the use of misting machine

A

Misting

89
Q

makes use of a gaseous form of pesticide coming from a fogging machine that can reach high / unreachable areas

A

Fogging

90
Q

Types of Security

A

1.) Physical Aspect
2.) Safety and Security of persons
3.) Safety and Security of system

91
Q

10 IMPORTANT SAFETY AND SECURITY MEASURES IN HOTEL

A

1.) Key card locks
2.) Security Guards
3.) Security Cameras
4.) Fire Alarm
5.) Emergency Power
6.) Emergency Manual
7.) Employee Photo ID
8.) In room safes
9.) Guest Elevator
10.) Defibrillation Units

92
Q

MAIN CAUSES OF FIRE

A

• Smoking
• Gas Leaks
• Combustible Waste
• Kitchen

93
Q

TYPES OF FIRE

A

1.) Class A Fire
2.) Class B Fire
3.) Class C Fire
4.) Class D Fire
5.) Class E Fire

94
Q

It is the fire of wood, paper, linen and similar dry materials. They are extinguished by cooling and quenching effect of water

A

Class A Fire

95
Q

include fires of oil, gasoline, grease and other petroleum product

A

Class B Fire

96
Q

These are the fires of pressurized gases. For e.g. L.P.G., most of the gases are lighter than air but L.P.G. is heavier than air. Water is not to be used for this class of fire.

A

Class C Fire

97
Q

These are fire of metals having low burning temperature for e. g. Na, Mg etc. This class of fire does not exist in the hotel.

A

Class D Fire

98
Q

These are electrical fire. The fire extinguishing agent must not conduct electrical energy which could spread the fire

A

Class E Fire

99
Q

SYSTEMS OF FIRE PROTECTION

A

1.) Portable Fire Extinguisher
2.) Stationary Fire Fighting System

100
Q

PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

A

1.) Soda Acid Fire Extinguisher
2.) CaCI 2 Fire Extinguisher
3.) Foam Type Extinguisher
4.) CO 2 Fire Extinguisher
5.) D.C.P Extinguisher

101
Q

It is used for class A fire The extinguishing agent is H20. The fire extinguisher is a cylinder type of pan in which a rubber or flexible hose is attached to the top

A

Soda acid fire extinguisher

102
Q

It is also used on class A fire, CaCl2 is a salt which when added to water form brine which has very low freezing temperature.

A

CaCl2 fire extinguisher

103
Q

It is used on class B type of fire. The extinguisher is charged with special chemical (Al2S104)

A

Foam type extinguisher

104
Q

It is used on C, D and E class of fire. The CO2 types spray a chemical fog towards the fire

A

CO2 fire extinguisher

105
Q

It can be used on C, D and E class of fire. The most common extinguishing agent is sodium bicarbonate or plain baking soda. The extinguisher is charged with the dry chemical and a small tank of CO2 gas

A

D.C.P. extinguisher-

106
Q

STATIONARY FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

A

1.) Automatic sprinklers
2.) Fire Hose System

107
Q

it is generally mounted just below the ceiling height with a temperature detector or smoke detector, attached with each sprinkler.

A

Automatic sprinklers

108
Q

It is a semi portable system. In this system the fire hose box is permanently located but the flexible hose can be moved to various distances throughout the building.

A

Fire Hose System

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