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Microbiology 2 > M7 Infections if the Upper Respiratory Tract > Flashcards

M7 Infections if the Upper Respiratory Tract Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what does pyogenic mean

A

causes an elevation in temp - heat

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2
Q

what is a pyogenic bac

A

streptococcus pyogenes

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3
Q

what are the evolutionary groupings of streptococcus

A 
angiosus
Oralis
Mutans 
Salivarius
Pyogenic 
Bovis
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4
Q

what are some sp of S. orals

A 
s snaguinis 
s cristasus 
s gordonii
s mites
s oralis
s pneumoniae
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5
Q

what is a pyrogen

A

agent that causes raise in body tissue

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6
Q

what are GAS

A

Group A Streptococcus

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7
Q

what types of bac are GAS

A

streptococcus pyrogens

assc with diseases

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8
Q

what are iGAS

A

invasive GAS

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9
Q

what kind of disease can GAS cause

A

systemic

major pathogen in skin conditions

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10
Q

what is important to not about a s. pyrogens capsule

A

hyuloronic acid interfere with complement and Ab

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11
Q

what is important to know of bodies reservoir function

A

micro biome
commensals
priming immune system

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12
Q

where is a common site fro s progenies

A

oropharynx

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13
Q

what si percentage of s pyogenes in adult vs children nd why

A

10% adult
20% children
immune system developing and more susceptible to exposure

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14
Q

where is most comply adhesion occur

A

oropharynx

nasopharynx

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15
Q

what allows adhesion at sites

A

non ciliate cells covered in mucus

range of adhesins

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16
Q

what acts as defence to the upper resp tract

A 
mechanical washing 
cough reponse
shedding
mucociliary clearance 
microbiota/flor
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17
Q

what are some infectious organisms in the resp treat

A

bacteria
viruses
fungi

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18
Q

what is viral pharyngitis

A

normal cold virus

only need symptomatic therapy 70%

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19
Q

what is a bacterial ppharyngiits

A

strep throat
GAS 15%
- beta haemolytic S.pyogenes

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20
Q

what complications can occur due to bacterial pharyngitis

A

acute rheumatic fever

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21
Q

what are some common batter seen in pharyngitis

A

fusoacterum necrophorum
mycoplasma pneumonia
haemophilia influenza

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22
Q

what can pharngiti lead to

A

tonsilitis

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23
Q

what represents bacterial pharyngitis

A

swollen uvula
whitish spots
red swollen tonsils
redness gray furry tongue

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24
Q

what is viral pharyngitis shown by

A

red swollen tonsils

throat redness

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25
Q

what are some symptoms of viral pharyngtiits

A

absence of fever
conjuntivitis
coryza
cough

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26
Q

what is coryza

A

inflammation of nasal mucous membranes

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27
Q

what are the symptoms of strep throat

A 
sudden onset 
sore throat 
fever
patchy exudates
tiny red spots on hard palate 
tender cervical nodes
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28
Q

what are some other complications that can further from strep throat

A

tonsillitis
ottis media
sinusitis

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29
Q

if there is bad breath asscw with a sore throat what can this mean

A

bacterial pharngitits recgo necrotising damage to tissue as being broken down
proteins being broken = odour

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30
Q

What can happen from a more aggressive strain of S. pyogenes

A

bacteriophage presses haemolytic toxin cause damage to RBC leading to scraeltine appearance

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31
Q

what does a super antigen do

A

overstimulates system

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32
Q

what is scarlet fever

A

severe form of strep throat with assc rash

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33
Q

what causes the effects of scalet fever

A

pyrogenic/erytorogenic exotoxins

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34
Q

what does a scared fever show

A 
typical rash 2 days after illness 
contagious 
flushed red face
coated tongue
swollen tonsils
35
Q

the does GAS come about

A

periodic epidemics

possible increasing

36
Q

when are GAS skin diseases common

A

in young children

poor hygiene sharing towels

37
Q

what is ana example of a GAS skin disease

A

impetigo

38
Q

what is impetigo

A

usually face
high contagious
contact with discharge on face
infections immediately beneath surface

39
Q

what does impetigo show as

A

sores on stratum core which then goes beneath skin layer invasive GAS

40
Q

what do GAS skin diseases usually do after colonising skin

A

disease moves deeper tissue or involves lymphatic system

41
Q

what does range of spreading subcutaneous skin infections caused by

A

iGAS

invasive GAS

42
Q

what is Cellulitis

A

deeper skin infections in the dermis

develop in lesion

43
Q

what is erysipelas

A

localised

fever, rotors, nausea

44
Q

what is necrotising fasciitis

A

rapid destroy CT

IGAS penetrate mucous memes and develop in deep lesion

45
Q

what is mortality rate of necrotising fasciitis

A

20%

46
Q

what is acute streptococcal gingivitis

A

infected gigivae
red swollen
oedematous
follow sore throat

47
Q

what is TSLS

A

toxi shock like syndrome

48
Q

what si the morality of TSLS

A

30-60%

49
Q

what causes TSLS

A

pyrogenic exotoxins
complications of invasive infections
hypooension to organ failure

50
Q

what dosuperantigens do

A

activate 1/5 T cells
assc with TSST-1
massive please cytokines and inappropriate immune response

51
Q

what does a asuperantigen bind to

A

directly MHCII complex

outside conventional binding groove

52
Q

what is rheumatic fever

A

autoimmune disease

53
Q

what are the symptoms of rheumatic fever

A

sudden onset
early –> fever, joint pain, nose bleeds, vomit

late –> polyarthritis, inflam of joints and heart
pancarditis

54
Q

what is pancrditis

A

peri, tyco and endocardium affected

55
Q

when is rheumatic fever most likely to occur

A

young children 5-15
1-4 weeks after are throat
inadequate recoervy from GAS

56
Q

what is the autoimmune disease PSGN

A

Post streptococcal Glomerulonephrotis

57
Q

what happens in PSGN

A

inflam of glomeruli due to depo of Ag-Abs

58
Q

what kind of hypersensitivity is PSGN

A

type 3

59
Q

what are the key elements involved in adhesion

A

lipoteichonic aid
M protein
F protein
Hyaluronic acid

60
Q

what does lipoteichonic acid act as

A

LTA

fibronectin - FA binding site

61
Q

what does M protein do

A

fibronectin

and specific binding site

62
Q

what is f protein

A

fibronecting binding protein

fibronetin

63
Q

what does hyaluronic acid do

A

capsule

CD44 +ve keratincytes

64
Q

what is used to identify class Streptococcis

A

haemolysis

65
Q

what is an example of biactrin sensitive

A

GAS

66
Q

when something is beta haemolytic what does it do on blood agar

A

clear zones around colony

67
Q

what is the lance field system

A

group a terminology

serotyping cell wall carb

68
Q

what is group A subdivide by

A

M protein antigens
M1 & M3 - major serotype
M3 & M18 - major invasive

69
Q

what is M protein involved in

A 
adhesion 
evading immune system
antiphagocytic 
prevent 3b bind 
opsonisation via alternate path
70
Q

what are other ways of evasion of host defences

A

SpyCEP - protease cleaves IgG

C5a peptidase - cleave C5a

71
Q

what is Sic and what does it do

A

strep inhibitor of complement
binds C5b & C7
evasion of host defences

72
Q

what do pyrogenic exotoxins do as super antigens

A

evasion of host def
SpeA and SpeC - scarlet fever
SPeG….. assc with rheumatic fever

73
Q

what causes tissue destruction nd spread

A

numerous virulence factors

74
Q

what re some virulence factors able to increase tissue destruction nd spread

A

haemolysins
DNase A,B, C, D
Streptokinase

75
Q

what do virulence factors all do

A

liquefaction of Pus
destroy tissue
dissolution of clot

76
Q

what is key to iGAS

A

target immune cells for cel destruction

77
Q

what are streptolysins (SLS)

A

pore firing cytolysin

toxic to PMN, organelles, platelets

78
Q

what is metastasis

A

tissue penetration

79
Q

what ar the factors involved in metastasis

A

m protein

fibronetin binding protein

80
Q

what si the function of m protein in metastasis

A

stimulates internalisation

81
Q

what is fibroncetin binding protein function in metastasis

A

hide from macrophages

presist in presence of Ab

82
Q

whats the most affective Ab treat

A

penicillin V 10 day course

83
Q

what is amoxicillin

A

narrow spectrum acceptable to children

84
Q

when is erythromycin used

A

patients sensitive to penicillin

Microbiology 2 (23 decks)

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